论我国司法人员交往行为规范的完善

党的十八届四中全会首次专题讨论了依法治国问题,其中对于司法体制改革的论述确实振奋人心。司法是处理社会矛盾的最后一道防线,具有定纷止争的作用。司法要发挥此项作用就离不开公民对于司法的信任,而这种信任更多的是通过对于司法人员行为的观察或与其交往过程中感受到的直接印象来建立的。因此,规范司法人员交往行为也就成为了使司法社会作用发挥的关键。     

International and domestic challenges to Japan's postwar security identity: ‘norm constructivism’ and Japan's new ‘proactive pacifism’

Abstract

Japan today is widely portrayed as on the verge of a significant identity shift that could lead to dramatic new security policies. Yet, Japan's first formal national security strategy, adopted in December 2013, proclaims repeatedly Japan's long-standing ‘peace-loving’ policies and principles. Why does a conservative government with high levels of popular support not pursue policies more in line with views widely reported to be central to its values and outlook? The answer lies in Japan's long-standing security identity of domestic antimilitarism, an identity under siege to a degree not seen since its creation over 50 years ago, but – as evidenced in Japan's new national strategy document – one that continues to shape both the framing of Japan's national security debates and the institutions of Japan's postwar security policy-making process. Relational approaches to identity construction illuminate challenges to Japan's dominant security identity, but a focus on domestic institutions and electoral politics offers the best course for modeling identity construction and predicting its future resilience.     

新闻自治的法治思考——从新闻规范的角度

新闻规范表征着新闻传播的自由状态。前法治社会里的新闻规范是政治规范、经济规范、文化规范、法律规范等构成的总和,它是新闻自治和新闻法治的规范事实。在法治社会里,新闻自治是法治的子系统,是一项具体法治。以法治精神构建新闻法律规范统摄下的新闻规范体系,新闻自治才能真正实现。     

司法审判与法律意义

本文探讨的既不是作为观念形态中的法律 ,也不是法律条文中的法律 ,而是在司法审判中的法律。作为司法审判依据的法律 ,是法律条文的外化或实现。判决 ,既确定了法律的意义 ,也是法律的完成。     

Why Do Regulatory Agencies Punish? The Impact of Political Principals,Agency Culture,and Transaction Costs in Predicting Environmental Criminal Prosecution Outcomes in the United States

Studies of administrative behavior are keen to examine the internal dynamics of agency decision making, as well the impact of external political actors on agency actions. Yet few studies apply these findings to the question of why agencies use their most punitive enforcement powers. Contrasting principal–agent, transaction costs, and organizational culture models of agency behavior, this study examines why regulatory agencies punish. Through content analysis of nearly one thousand of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's criminal investigations and subsequent prosecutions, 2001–11, findings suggest that punishment severity in environmental criminal cases is based less on transaction costs and political pressure and more on professional norms that value strong enforcement. These findings have important implications for explaining regulatory outcomes and administrative behavior.     

干预，促进改变--“促进社会规范改变的工具与数据：终止针对妇女、女童暴力的亚太论坛”综述

2015年12月,为期两天的总结亚太地区终止针对妇女和女童暴力工作的会议在曼谷召开。会议认为：提高认识、改变规范和影响各界人士的行为,是消除针对妇女暴力的3个重要环节。会议总结了亚太国家过去多年的项目经验,其中三类项目受到格外关注。其一为长期的项目,因为规范改变需要几代人的努力,对长期项目效果的评估也受到重视;其二为校园中的干预行动,因为青春期是塑造青少年性别平等意识的重要时期,学校是进行反对性别暴力教育的重要场所;其三为在社区中进行的干预行动,一些有影响力的干预工具被推广。会议呼吁,要抓住联合国可持续发展目标提供的机遇,在未来15年加大反对针对妇女和女童的暴力的力度。     

Ukrainian volunteer fighters in the eastern front: ideas,political-social norms and emotions as mobilization mechanisms

Abstract

Following the outbreak of the insurgency in eastern Ukraine, thousands of volunteers joined pro-Kiev battalions. Although they have fiercely fought against pro-Kremlin forces, very little is known about them. The article will investigate why individuals have engaged in such a risky endeavour for no obvious material reward. It will claim that ideas, political-social norms and emotions have functioned as mobilization mechanisms that can explain individual decisions. Based on interviews, the article will argue that the mobilization of Ukrainian volunteer fighters has a strong cognitive-normative-emotional dimension that cannot be ignored and should be further explored.     

Towards a critical realist perspective on African conflicts

With various attempts being made to address religious, ethnic and political conflicts in Africa, one question which continues to feature in public discourses concerns the contributions which the African academic community could make towards the understanding and resolution of conflict. This article demonstrates that ontological issues need to be critical in any attempts at effectively analysing conflicts. The merit of the critical realist philosophy of Roy Bhaskar, with its ontological concerns, is presented as an important analytical and resolution model which the African academic community can fall back on, to look for effective solutions to conflict on the continent. The thrust in this article is that the properties of the critical realist approach to social research make it practically adequate for analysing conflicts.     

行政规范在行政诉讼法律适用中的地位

行政诉讼中必须依据行政法规、参照规章以及规章以外的其他规范性文件,但是我国司法实践中对于规章以外的其他行政规范性文件的适用比较混乱,理论上没有明确的地位,导致规章以外的规范性文件有适用的必要但又缺乏适用的准则。文章从辨析行政规范的名称入手,通过分析不同学说,从新的角度界定行政规范在行政诉讼法律适用中的地位。     

空白罪状适用的规范性解释——以前置性规范为中心

空白罪状的适用是以法律、法规的前置性规范判断为基础。前置性规范中"国家规定"的法律位阶应进行限制性解释,不包括操作纪律、习惯等非规范性形式;立足于空白罪状双重违法性的结构,依据缓和的违法性理论,前置性规范必须有违法性要件的明确提示,而不必然有刑事责任条款,对前置性规范适用采取以直接补充为主、二次间接补充为辅的限制原则,对于体系有冲突的应以刑法规范和刑法概念为准,坚持刑法解释的独立性品格;按照刑法的实质解释的原理运用以法益为指导目的的解释方法,法益制约着具体空白刑法条文所参照的前置性规范范围,按照法益同一性规则还可以适用的扩张与限缩解释。前置性规范的变动适用中,应承认前置性规范的刑法间接渊源地位,以实质的罪刑法定原则为判断基准,前置性规范的溯及力应按照从旧兼从轻的适用规则。