公共支出改革与政府职能转变

政府机构改革的关键是转变政府职能 ,转变政府职能离不开政府公共支出的改革。政府职能转变要求合理界定公共支出范围 ,科学进行公共支出预算 ,改进公共支出的使用方式 ,健全和完善公共支出的管理制度。     

PRRS抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立及应用

以差速离心法结合蔗糖密度梯度离心法提纯的PRRSVSC2株作为包被抗原,建立了检测猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)抗体的间接ELISA法。该法的最适抗原包被浓度为5μg/mL,最佳酶标兔抗猪抗体稀释度为1∶5000,对猪抗PRRSV的IgG检测灵敏度达到0.1μg/mL。该法只与PRRS阳性猪血清呈现阳性反应,而与PRRS阴性猪血清和猪伪狂犬病、猪乙型脑炎、猪瘟、猪细小病毒病阳性血清呈现阴性反应。应用该法检测PRRSVORF5基因疫苗免疫猪后的抗体消长规律表明,疫苗免疫猪后第7d抗体水平迅速上升,第75d达到高峰,然后缓慢下降,至第135d时仍然极显著(P<0.01)高于空载体对照和空白对照。试验结果表明,该法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,可用于PRRS流行病学调查和PRRSV基因疫苗免疫后抗体水平检测。     

试论登记的效力——从一起财产分割案件谈起

登记的效力,外国立法例有登记要件主义、登记对抗主义和托伦斯登记制度三种不同观点。登记是物权变动的要件,具有公示、公信和警示作用。我国法律采取了登记要件主义,但对于登记的范围应加以具体规定。物权变动应与原因行为相区别。动产登记采登记对抗主义。     

生态文化基础上的公共空间变迁与重构

作为重要媒介的公共空间在以山地民族为主的社区内主要以生态空间的形式出现,并随着国家相关政策的变化发生了一系列的变迁。在经历了家族主义、集体主义和现代社区建设三个时段的变化发展后,历史上“生态———宗教———政治”的复合型公共空间已向“生态———宗教———生态”转化,且在最基层与国家的行政组织复合和互相渗透,新的公共空间的重构已经在生态环境的可持续发展目标下开始。     

'Brazil Needs to Change': Change as Iteration and the Iteration of Change in Brazil's 2002 Presidential Election1

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's triumph in Brazil's 2002 presidential election was construed in terms of a promise of radical change against the holders of the status quo . This article argues that in fact a more subtle political game was a stake in the election, a contest over the meaning and limits of change itself. The article examines how the various players – Lula da Silva, outgoing president Fernando Henrique Cardoso and the PSDB's presidential candidate José Serra – invoked and iterated a discourse of change to define and redefine the political dividing lines that marked out the electoral dispute and attempted to set or fix the distinctions between their political positions.     

构筑“从学生为本”的教育理念

“以学生为本”的理念变革是教育改革的核心问题,也为教育过程中如何处理教师与学生的关系提供了有益启示。“以学生为本”,主要是尊重学生的个性,确立学生在教学中的主体地位。     

The Role of Flexibility Mechanisms in EU Climate Strategy: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges?

The main objective of this paper is to examine the evolution of European Union (EU) climate strategy, scrutinising in particular developments in EU's views on the so-called flexibility or Kyoto mechanisms. In brief, the paper argues that there has been a gradual change in EU's views, from the role of a sceptic in the run-up to Kyoto towards becoming more of a frontrunner on emissions trading in recent years. The need to 'save Kyoto' and the protracted development of EU climate policy are highlighted as two of the most important drivers behind this process of change. This paper also discusses some of the lessons learned from international negotiations and the development of EU climate policy. Finally, and drawing upon the lessons learned, the paper explores key future challenges for the further development of EU climate strategy.     

论警察在职培训观的转变

警察在职培训中应实现几个培训理念的转变:从"信息"传递转向"技能"提升,从注重"补短"培训转为注重"扬长"培训,从单纯"知识"学习转为"知行合一",从注重"部门发展"需要转为既考虑部门发展需要又满足学员自我实现需要。只有以此为出发点创新培训思维,才能推动警察在职培训工作的持续、科学发展。     

西部大学生对气候变化的感知初探——以宝鸡文理学院为例

为初步探究西部高等院校学生对气候变化的感知和行动意愿,对宝鸡文理学院600名学生采取随机抽样的调查方法进行调查。调查内容包括被调查者的基本情况、被调查者对气候变化的了解程度以及在了解的基础上改善自身行为的意愿等三方面。结果显示,对气候变化情况了解很多和有一定了解的大学生分别占16%和25%。大学生对气候变化普遍担心(96%)和悲观(72%),但有99.8%的大学生愿意积极应对气候变化。建议政府、学校能更多地宣传气候变化知识,并开展能让大学生参与的活动。     

Japan and identity change: why it matters in International Relations

Abstract

Two approaches to identity have been employed to explore issues in Japan's international relations. One views identity as constituted by domestic norms and culture, and as constitutive of interests, which in turn cause behaviour. Proponents view Japan's ‘pacifist’ and ‘antimilitarist’ identity as inherently stable and likely to change only as a result of material factors. In the other approach, ‘Japan’ emerges and changes through processes of differentiation vis-à-vis ‘Others’. Neither ‘domestic’ nor ‘material’ factors can exist outside of such identity constructions. We argue that the second, relational, approach is more theoretically sound, but begs three questions. First, how can different identity constructions in relation to numerous Others be synthesised and understood comprehensively? Second, how can continuity and change be handled in the same relational framework? Third, what is the point of analysing identity in relational terms? This article addresses the first two questions by introducing an analytical framework consisting of three mutually interacting layers of identity construction. Based on the articles in this special issue, we argue that identity entrepreneurs and emotions are particularly likely to contribute to change within this model. We address the third question by stressing common ground with the first approach: identity enables and constrains behaviour. In the case of Japan, changes in identity construction highlighted by the articles in this special issue forebode a political agenda centred on strengthening Japan militarily.