国有商业银行体制变迁分析

近年来国有银行体系的商业化改革没有实质性进展,日益重要的民营经济部门融资困难的问题依然突出。深层次的原因是供给主导型制度变迁方式走入困境,而现实中又不存在使改革顺利转入"中间扩散型"进而需求诱致型变迁方式的客观基础。合理的路径是分类重组现有一级分行,推进制度变迁方式的转换。     

Scientific Uncertainty and Science-Based Precaution

The debate between advocates of the "Precautionary Principle" and those of "science-based regulation" hinges in large part on the standard of proof to be applied to the scientific evidence that a given action poses a danger of serious and irreversible environmental harm. We propose an intermediate approach, which we term "science-based precaution," intended to facilitate adaptive management of environmental issues – that is, learning through experience and experimentation.We propose that evidence justifying precautionary action must be sufficient to create a "reasonable belief" of serious and irreversible environmental danger. In other cases, in which the proponents of an action bear the burden of proof that the actions they propose will not cause environmental harm, we propose that they must make a "clear showing"to that effect. Both of these standards of proof are derived from a scale constructed from the standards of proof used in various branches of US law.The "reasonableness" standard of proof for the application of the Precautionary Principle is more cautious than the record of international efforts to protect the stratospheric ozone layer and to deal with climate change. It is analogous to the standard of proof imposed by US administrative law, and is also consistent with the position of the European Union and the holdings of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body in the beef hormones case. We further propose a Reasonableness Principle: that scientific research and technological innovations promising major benefits not be unreasonably blocked before their full implications are understood.     

从制度变迁看澳门赌权开放的的历史、现状及发展

澳门赌权开放是一个制度变迁过程,政府在其中发挥了重要作用。在澳门博彩业今后的发展中,澳门特区政府应该树立一种"良性竞争,不断改革"的理念,进一步打破垄断,放开经营,为促进澳门博彩业的健康快速发展提供更有利的制度环境和市场环境。     

市场经济发展与观念转变

市场经济的实践和发展，深刻地改变和影响着人们的思想意识观念。同市场经济相适应的各种观念日益形成，并在现实中发挥着作用。但市场经济也不是万能的，要在理论和实践的结合上，提高对市场经济的理解和认识，积极树立正确的思想和观念，推进社会主义市场经济的健康发展。     

培养团队精神 加速升本换建

公安队伍要做强、做大,首先需要公安教育的发展和强大.一所稳定发展的公安院校,向更高层次的现代化高等学府转变,既是一个机遇,更是一个挑战.在这个转变过程中,参与者以何种姿态出现,尤为重要.对学校的热爱,对学校未来的向往,塑造团结协作的团队精神,将使升本换建工作的步伐更大、更快.     

Balancing Theory versus Fact, Stasis versus Change: A Look at Some Introductions to International Relations

Do dramatic events in international relations (IR) signal fundamental changes in political behavior? How do international relations texts address change, and what are the implications of textbook design for the way that we teach undergraduate introductions to the field? This article provides an initial inquiry into these questions by surveying a sample of five international relations texts. Rather than seek to pick the best book, the article examines the methods by which the textbook authors balance theory versus facts, as well as stasis versus change, in formulating introductory frameworks. This analysis is motivated by way of a general comparison of the sample texts with Organski's (1958) text, World Politics . Finally, the author discusses the strengths and weaknesses of different balancing strategies, and the implications of these strategies for teaching introductions to international relations.     

Major Changes Without Regime Shifts:Switzerland and Japan in Comparative Perspective

The literature on regime shift suggests that Japan, and perhaps also Switzerland, have experienced a shift in their political systems. In this contribution, it is argued that both political systems underwent considerable change. However, this change did not represent regime shift in terms of a break with the past. Compared to other established democracies in the OECD country group, the changes to various aspects of the political systems have been similar in magnitude and type in both countries. Among OECD members, similar new elements have been layered on to stable cores of pre‐existing institutions, actor constellations and policies differing vastly in international comparison. Therewith, most countries moved in comparable directions without significantly changing their relative position within the group of established democracies     

从一系列杀人劫车案件的侦破看侦查思维的转变

侦查思维是侦查人员在侦查办案中的思维活动 ,是最富有创造性的一种思维活动。侦查人员应针对新形势下刑事犯罪的新情况、新特点而改变侦查思维方式 ,善于运用创造性的逆向思维方式侦破案件。     

Explaining South Africa’s land reform policy failure through its instruments: the emergence of inclusive agricultural business models

ABSTRACT

This paper seeks to explain the emergence of South African inclusive agricultural business models in relation to the land reform policy. We demonstrate that in South Africa such policy instruments linking small-scale and large-scale farmers respond to endogenous dynamics linked to the failure of its land reform policy. We study the land reform policy change induced by its policy instruments. Indeed, introducing the market as the preferred means to implement land reform caused unanticipated side effects, creating constant pressure for change that such inadequate instrument exerted on the set policy objectives during the first phase of policy implementation. After cohabitating uneasily with rather antagonistic policy goals, policy instruments ultimately led to a change in policy objectives, shifting from supporting small-scale black subsistence agriculture to targeting a class of emerging farmers committed to commercial agriculture. Inclusive Business Model’s policy instruments were subsequently identified as the best fit to achieve the re-adjusted policy goal.     

关于加快中心城区教育发展的思考

中心城区教育改革与发展的经验证明,要切实把教育放在优先发展的战略地位,就必须深化改革,积极推进素质教育,牢固树立"大教育”观念.要积极探索提高教育质量的有效途径,大胆实施学历与能力并重的用人机制,转变教育观念,促进教育社会化.