政府公共服务效能提升的对策研究

在全球化的城市体系下,世界国与国之间、城市与城市之间的竞争变得异常激烈,政府公共服务效能和质量的高低将成为影响国家和城市竞争力的重要因素,因此提升政府的公共服务效能是提升城市竞争力和政府形象的有效途径。虽然我国政府公共服务效能提升已取得一定的成效,但是与发达国家和政府的公共服务效能相比还存在不小的差距,因此应通过政府公共服务均等化、加大政府公共服务投入、建立政府公共服务绩效排行制度等措施提升政府的公共服务效能,建设真正的"服务型政府"。     

Do multilingual androids dream of a better life in Australia? Effectiveness of information technology for government translation to support refugees and migrants in Australia

Without high‐quality translation of online information about government support and services, refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia experience a major barrier to improved health, employment, education and social outcomes. Recent advances in the ability of Google Translate, Skype Translator and other forms of machine translation that use artificial intelligence can help translate government information to better support refugees and migrants but they bring the risk of ineffective communication, and exclusion from services that could positively impact on settlement experiences and daily life. Evidence suggests that government agencies are likely to be using human translators for most translation work, but the degree to which any form of information technology is used, how it may be best applied and the associated effects are not known. This study systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed and grey literature to determine effective ways of using information technology for translating government information to refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia. Included studies were analysed to identify techniques and other characteristics of translation, information technology and language support more broadly, and outcomes on education, health, social and other refugee and migrant experiences relating to translated information. Our review found a small evidence base featuring studies with strong evaluation demonstrating effective forms of ‘language support’ for refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia in a broad sense. However, there is a major gap in knowledge that is contributing to barriers in the use of online government information in Australia. In particular, there is an absence of evidence demonstrating what is effective in the use of machine translation with artificial intelligence, websites and other kinds of information technology for translating government information with refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. The oversight risks further excluding already marginalised groups from services and support. This paper makes a number of suggestions practitioners can take to address the issue and guidelines for future research.     

Cost‐Effectiveness of Early Childhood Interventions to Enhance Preschool: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Head Start Centers Enrolling Historically Underserved Populations

We evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of two early childhood interventions that use instructional coaching and parent coaching as levers for improvement. The study design allows us to compare the individual effects of each intervention as well as their combined effect on student outcomes. We find that teachers receiving instructional coaching improve their use of evidence‐based instructional practices, while families receiving parent coaching show increases in numerous responsive parenting behaviors associated with positive child outcomes. Both interventions demonstrate positive impacts on students, but only parent coaching shows statistically significant effects across a range of student outcomes. Instructional coaching alone is substantially less costly and may therefore be the most cost‐effective of the three treatment conditions; however, small sample sizes limit our ability to reach definitive conclusions. Policy simulations suggest that implementing these interventions could raise the overall cost‐effectiveness of Head Start by at least 16 percent.     

组织传播：台湾网络竞选的模式与策略

网络竞选是台湾政治选举的重要组成部分。2008年以后,网络竞选的模式与策略呈现出组织传播的特点。网络竞选不仅是一种宣传方式,还是一种组织方式。一方面是在组织中传播,借助社交网站进行病毒式营销,另一方面是在传播中组织,在互动和分享的过程中建立起动态化组织。     

基于实效性的高校廉洁教育的方法与途径

廉洁教育实效性强调取得实际的效益和效果，凸显廉洁教育的务实性、实在性和有效性。实效性是廉洁教育的本质所决定，是实现高校廉洁教育目的的关键，同样也构成廉洁教育方法途径创新探索的核心。基于实效性的方法途径创新，表现为诸多方法途径整合为有机统一的整体，共同作用于廉洁教育。因此，必须以重视实践、制度建设与校园文化建设为基本原则，理顺和正确处理高校内外的各种现实关系，真正实现廉洁教育之实效。     

组织社会化——新入职公务员融入行政组织的必由之路

组织社会化作为新入职公务员融入行政组织的方法和手段,对行政组织和公务员个人都起着十分重要的作用。然而,行政组织与新入职公务员在思想上、社会化内容及策略选择上仍存在着的一些问题,制约了组织社会化作用的发挥。因此,行政组织对新入职公务员的组织社会化工作应进行规划,设计出既有共性又体现个性的社会化内容,并与公务员个体共同完善其组织社会化的策略。     

深化综合改革中的组织重构探究

原有的层级制组织结构由于存在高行政成本、监督成本和影响成本,以及对环境适应性低的缺陷,成为制约经济发展和社会进步的瓶颈之一。在不断变化的新形势下,政府应打破层级制和集权,采取分类和分层治理等措施进行组织重构,逐步转向网络组织结构。同时,注意分化改革中的各种阻力,即传统习惯势力的束缚、既得利益者的反对以及转换成本的存在。     

驳“人性自私”论

当前人们的思想空前混乱,以＂人性自私＂论作为立论根据的资本主义五论广泛流行,在意识形态领域潜伏着资本主义和平演变的危险性。本文通过创立科学的人性论,破除抽象公私观陷阱,运用社会形态决定利益组织体系的规律,对＂人性自私＂论作出全面的剖析,从而对资本主义思潮的猖狂进攻作出回应。     

网络社区警务室效能研究——以北京市为样本

随着公安信息化建设的大力推进,我国网络社区警务室应运而生并快速发展,在短短的几年时间内取得了丰硕成果.目前网络社区警务室还存在运行管理未形成长效机制、建“室”方式不统一等问题.应从以下方面完善网络社区警务室建设:将网络社区警务室纳入政府网站,统一管理；整合网站资源,突出服务功能；社区民警工作由被动型向主动型转变.     

A Preliminary Examination of Citizen Orientation and Multiple Dimensions of Organizational Performance

In this article, I discuss citizen orientated public management in relation to extant frameworks and theories in public management and organization research, including the role of the public servant, collaborative public management, citizen coproduction, and relational bureaucracy. Following the discussion, I hypothesize about the relationship between public organizations’ citizen orientations and multiple dimensions of organizational performance. I use data from approximately 900 New York City elementary and middle schools from 2008 to 2011 to examine the relationship. Preliminary findings indicate that a citizen orientation is positively related to multiple dimensions of public organization performance.