民国刑事诉讼法上的微罪不起诉制度

20世纪20年代，起诉便宜主义逐渐在大陆法系国家法律中得到确认，也很快被民国立法者所接受。在民国刑事诉讼法上，微罪不起诉制度是起诉便宜主义的集中体现，这项制度于1928年《刑事诉讼法》中首次得到确立，此后历经多次修改，在检察官作出微罪不起诉处分的考量因素和具体程序等方面得到了完善，但其适用范围则一直比较有限。在实践层面，微罪不起诉在民国时期的适用率始终偏低，因此很难充分实现其应有的价值。     

Quality Management in Public-Sector Organizations: Evidence from Six EU Countries

Although there is considerable evidence for the hypothesis that an efficient use of management techniques is the key to a good public service delivery, a lot of studies come to the conclusion that there is only partial, reluctant implementation or even a general lack of the use of such techniques by public managers. This paper examines the determinants for the use of quality management techniques in public sector organizations from six EU countries. It turns out that especially more organizational autonomy and result control appear to be of importance while, surprisingly, the combination of these variables leads to negative results.     

Is Managerial Work in the Public and Private Sectors Really “Different”? A Comparative Study of Managerial Work Activities

This article aims to discern the extent to which managerial work is similar and different in the public and private sectors. Using propositions and structured categories for describing what managers do, this article compares results of an observational study conducted in the Canadian public sector with similar studies from the private sector. Through a comparison of work type, hours, location, activities, and contact patterns, this research finds few differences in managerial work activities between the two sectors, despite contextual and situational differences. Possible explanations are explored, implications of the findings are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.     

法律推理视角中的法官自由裁量

法官自由裁量客观存在于法律推理过程中;审判三段论的大前提和小前提分别蕴涵着法官对适用法律和案件事实的自由裁量;在实质法律推理中法官通过价值判断进行自由裁量.     

论我国法官自由裁量权保障与制约机制的完善

法官行使自由裁量权既不是权力行使的边缘,也不是理想法律运行状态的偏离,而是依法行使权力的一种形式。国外法官自由裁量权的保障与制约机制已相当完善。我国应通过完善程序内制约机制与改革程序外保障机制来规范法官自由裁量权的行使。     

解读民事诉讼中的诚实信用原则

毋庸置疑,在民事诉讼中需要确立诚实信用原则,然而,如果我们不本着客观的态度认真审视诚实信用原则,而盲目地一味扩大诚实信用原则在民事诉讼中的功效,甚至将其诠释为实质上授权法官自由裁量权,其结果势必与希望确立当事人主义诉讼模式的目的背道而驰.结合司法权理论、诉讼模式对诚实信用原则的基本内涵及其功效等进行系统的阐释.     

公安行政执法工作中比例原则的衡量作用

如何有效地衡量公安行政执法工作的成效,一直是理论界争论的焦点。由于合理性原则自身在理论上的模糊性,其难以作为衡量的标准。德国行政法中的比例原则在控制警察的自由裁量权和保障公民权益方面有着独特的作用,可作为衡量标尺。     

量刑基准的存在根据与形式——兼论法官量刑基准意识的养成

量刑基准存在于司法语境中,是法官观念中的内容,转化为现实就是法官自由裁量权的行使。以文字的方式将量刑基准规范化的做法没有现实可能性。可以培养法官对量刑基准的认同感,但不能企图将法官意识中的量刑基准统一化。     

隐藏在行政解释背后的政策裁量:概念、定位与功能

现有研究承认公共政策介入行政执法和司法职能的事实,但鲜少有研究关注公共政策在法律解释中的功能。“吐槽医院被拘案”为讨论政策裁量在行政解释中的功能角色提供了契机。学理研究显示,行政与政策之间的相似性与现代行政国家的行政效率诉求促使行政机关实施政策裁量。我国的行政解释过程背后蕴涵着复杂的利益纠纷,为政策裁量提供了合适的研究论域。政策裁量的实质是在行政解释过程中进行利益衡量,以便于解决行政解释过程中的各类争端,同时引导行政解释结果适应社会发展方向。政策裁量内容对于行政解释结论具有正反双重影响。     

Why do street-level bureaucrats risk themselves for others? The case of Israeli police officers

What factors influence police officers’ willingness to risk themselves for others? Police officers are street-level bureaucrats, who are not only given the mandate to use deadly force in order to keep public order but also risk their most important resource – their lives – to protect society. We suggest three factors that prompt police officers to risk their lives: individual characteristics (a desire to gain respect and recognition, and testing one's courage, ideology, and personality), organizational conditions (expectations of peers and supervisors, promotion opportunities), and environmental context (a hostile working environment and the importance of public opinion to them). Using an abductive approach combined with a triangulated qualitative method, our findings indicate that personal characteristics are indeed important, but so too are organizational conditions and environmental context. The practical insight, therefore, is that decision makers ‘can’, in various formal and informal ways, influence street-level bureaucrats’ behaviour. Here, the interactions among managers, workers, and clients are a crucial element.