论行政许可的识别——以湖南省商务厅的受争议职能为例

在行政审批制度改革实践中,有关机关常常被各种规范性文件上授权的词句所迷惑,不能准确识别出以各种形式表现出来的行政许可权,原因在于我国立法并无具体统一的行政许可判断标准方面的规定。有必要借鉴国外行政许可识别的经验和理论,从行政审批制度改革的指导思想、行政许可的前提、行政许可的性质、行政许可的类型四个方面来构建我国行政许可的识别理论。依据此理论对实践中有争议的行政权进行类型化分析,提炼出审批、批准、审核、核准、登记五种行政许可的表现形式。     

论行政自由裁量权及其法律控制

行政自由裁量权是行政权的重要组成部分,其存在和扩大是现代行政的一个重要特点。行政自由裁量权的存在既有其必要性,也有被滥用的可能性,所以有必要对其进行控制。从某种意义上讲,行政法主要是控制行政自由裁量权的法。对行政自由裁量权的控制主要通过立法、行政和司法手段。     

违约金调整中法官的自由裁量权——对《合同法》第114条的分析

法官对违约金进行调整过程中的自由裁量权首先取决于对违约金性质的认识。结合比较法分析方法,从法理学以及实务操作的角度对我国《合同法》第114条的规定进行分析,有助于探讨我国法官在违约金调整中的来源、范围以及规制等问题。     

公正的诉求：治安管理自由裁量权的扩张与限制

从人的安全与稳定之需求出发，分析治安管理自由裁量权存在的正当性，指出与其他公权力自由裁量权不同的是，治安管理自由裁量权的本质特性为强式裁量，而赋予治安管理以自由裁量权更是一种价值预设。同时基于公正的诉求，从立法、司法、社会等同提出对；台安管理自由裁量权的客观扩张予以适当限制的建议。     

Revisiting the role of civic organizations in Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan: Confidence,membership, and democratic practice

In many emerging and authoritarian countries, civil society organizations that focus on political or sensitive policy issues are being cracked down upon, while service-oriented ones are given a relatively greater ability to operate. What might the consequence of this be for democratic practice given the important role civic organizations play in this process? We examine this question by considering whether the absence of confidence in a country's governing institutions is related to membership in service-rather than governance-focused civic organizations, and how such membership is associated with elite-challenging, political activities in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. We find that individuals who have no confidence in state institutions are less likely to seek membership in governance-focused civic organizations, but not necessarily in service-focused ones. At the same time, membership in both types of civic organizations is associated with participation in political activities, while beliefs that a country is run democratically decreases it. This suggests that a variety of civic organizational types, even those without an explicit governance-focus, contingent on perceptions of democratic governance and other covariates held constant, enhance democratic practice.     

Modeling teachers acceptance of learning management system in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective

The ubiquity of the World Wide Web has provided massive opportunities to teachers and learners around the globe to share knowledge anytime anywhere via learning management system. Hence, considering the needs of the students; universities have arranged the facilities of the learning management system. This study is an empirical evaluation of university faculty members' intention to use a learning management system. We extended Davis's (1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to evaluate faculty members' intention to use learning management system amid COVID-19. Data were obtained from the faculty members of Pakistani universities through the convenience sampling technique and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The outcomes of the study revealed that perceived ease of using a learning management system, user-interface design, and faculty members' innovativeness have a favorable impact on their intention to use learning management system. Facilitating conditions positively influenced intention to use learning management system. However, the positive relationship between facilitating conditions and perceived ease of using the learning management system was insignificant. The results indicate that the extended TAM model has effectively predicted faculty members' intention to use the learning management system. The findings of the current study can be used for the training and development of faculty members by institutions and regulatory bodies in developing countries.     

量刑规范化与法官量刑自由裁量权的衡平

法官量刑自由裁量权的存在对量刑规范化的实现是必不可少的.在我国目前情况下,我们对法官量刑自由裁量权的存在应持有限度的认可的态度,不提倡法官量刑自由裁量权的过度行使.可以考虑从量刑理由的阐述、量刑基准点的确立和量刑刑事判例的角度对法官量刑自由裁量权的行使进行制约.     

起诉裁量权视角中轻微犯罪的刑事政策

在检察实践中,经济发达地区案件数量的激增在一定程度上影响了司法效率的提高,轻微犯罪案件的处理应立足于宽松的刑事政策基础之上,进一步丰富和发展审查起诉自由裁量权的范围和表现形式.     

毒品犯罪司法实践疑难问题

近年来,我国毒品犯罪有迅速蔓延之势,严重危害着人民群众的身心健康和社会的安宁,同时也引发大量其他类型的刑事犯罪.在毒品犯罪案件的司法实践中,由于一些疑难问题的存在,导致处理此类案件存在一定的困难.从现象入手分析原因,进而采取针对性的措施,是解决上述问题的可取进路.     

暂缓起诉制度之比较与评析

暂缓起诉作为起诉便宜主义的一种表现形式在世界各主要发达国家得以建立。比较德、日、美三国暂缓起诉制度,发现三国在暂缓起诉的适用范围、考验期、本国国民对这一制度的接受程度以及对暂缓起诉的监督和制约四个方面存在着一些差异。造成这些差异是因为三国的法律传统、诉讼理念等存在较大区别。我国目前的司法形势与日德两国暂缓起诉制度得以实行的司法形势有相似之处,因而我国应当在考虑自身法律传统、诉讼理念的基础上确立暂缓起诉制度,扩大检察机关裁量不起诉的适用范围。