公众参与环境影响评价机制研究

以"圆明园铺膜事件"为契机,在全国范围掀起的"环评风暴",加深了公民对于环境影响评价的认识.对比欧美国家,我国公众参与环境影响评价机制存在明显的缺陷,研究者提出了相应的改进措施和建议.     

新时期公安机关绩效管理探讨

绩效考核是一把双刃剑,考核合理可以推动公安管理效能,反之,则挫伤民警的工作积极性,影响公安机关的长远发展。公安机关绩效管理应以有利于公安工作的长远发展为目标,坚持正确的价值取向,积极引进先进的绩效管理工具,不断完善公安机关绩效考核机制,促进公安工作创新,提升公安工作效率,实现公安机关的可持续发展。     

论刑事司法鉴定制度的基本原则——以刑事诉讼法的修改为视角

刑事司法鉴定制度的基本原则有丰富的内容，既包括刑事诉讼法的基本原则，也包括证据法的原则，还包括鉴定制度所特有的原则。其中，无论是刑事诉讼法中的基本原则还是证据法的原则，在鉴定问题上又都有其特殊的要求。本文以刑事诉讼法的修改为视角，从解决刑事司法鉴定程序失灵等疑难问题出发，选取其中不可替代的三个原则，即权利保障原则、程序...     

动车车底和高铁线路损坏案件的现场勘查和技术鉴定

动车车底和高铁线路损坏案件的特点有发现时间与发生时间相隔长、勘查难度大、痕迹容易形成和异物容易发现等。动车车底痕迹有单条状擦划痕、多条状擦划痕、片状不规则裂痕等类型,线路损坏痕迹有轨道电线、电缆被砸坏,应答器等设备损坏和水泥枕、扣件等被损坏等类型。此类案件的勘查分两个部分：一是宏观勘查。在掌握受损动车的运营情况、发生发现经过等基本情况后,要对整列动车的前后机车、所有车厢进行全面的检查,确定哪些机车、车厢有破损、破损部位等情况,再把破损部位全面纳入微观勘查范围。二是微观勘查。对所有受损部位进行全面细致的勘查,从动车的一侧向另一侧详细记录受损的方向、位置、形态、大小,再进行全面的分析判断。     

实物证据的鉴真问题

中国新颁行的刑事证据规定确立了实物证据的鉴真制度。根据所要鉴别的实物证据的不同，鉴真有两个相对独立的含义：一是证明法庭上出示、宣读的某一实物证据，与举证方“所声称的那份实物证据”是一致的；二是证明法庭上所出示、播放的实物证据的内容，如实记录了实物证据的本来面目，反映了实物证据的真实情况。中国刑事证据规定尽管确立了“保管链条的证明”方法，但强调通过对各种“笔录类证据”的形式审查，来验证实物证据在来源、收集、提取、制作、保管等各个环节上的可靠性。刑事证据规定还针对物证、书证、视听资料和电子证据分别确立了鉴真规则。鉴真制度要得到有效的实施，需要司法改革的决策者在刑事审判方式改革、侦诉关系改革、规范法官自由裁量权、有效实施排除规则等方面做出进一步的努力。     

关于完善我国医疗事故责任等级的建议简

我国现行的《医疗事故技术鉴定暂行办法》规定了医疗事故中医疗过失行为的责任程度分为：完全责任、主要责任、次要责任、轻微责任。该办法用这四种责任程度来判定医疗过失行为的责任程度存在明显的缺陷,缺少了一个同等责任程度的规定。为了今后便于司法实践的操作,公平合理地维护医患双方的权益,应该增加同等责任程度的规定,来完善我国医疗事故技术鉴定相关立法。     

我国内地与澳门公务员绩效考核制度比较

绩效评核是政府公务员绩效管理的重要环节和手段。与内地相比,澳门公务员绩效考核的法律依据比较充分、考核程序比较完备、对考核结果不满的救济机制比较健全,并且已经构建了一套比较科学合理的绩效考核量化测评指标体系,其在绩效考核方面的制度建设以及实践值得内地借鉴。     

Citizens’ Perceptions of Governance in Rural and Urban China

This article presents three main findings from a purposive stratified survey of urban and rural residents. First, Chinese citizens “disaggregate” the state with high levels of satisfaction for Central government that fall dramatically as government gets closer to the people. Satisfaction levels are noticeably lower for those in rural China. Second, attitudes about the way policy is implemented by local governments raise concerns. Irrespective of place of residence, respondents feel that when implementing policy local officials and governments are mainly concerned with their own interests, are more receptive to the views of their superiors rather than those of ordinary people, favor those with money, and are formalistic in implementing policy rather than dealing with actual problems. Third, the areas of work that citizens would really like government to concentrate on are job creation and providing basic guarantees to protect against the shocks of the transition to a market economy. Tony Saich is the Daewoo Professor of International Affairs, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University and Director of the Harvard University Asia Center. His recent research focuses on the development of social policy in China, particularly on the provision of public goods by local governments. His publications include Governance and Politics of China by Palgrave and edited volumes on Financial Sector Reform in China (with Yasheng Huang and Edward Steinfeld) and AIDS and Social Policy in China (with Joan Kaufman and Arthur Kleinman both by Harvard University Asia Center. He would like to thank Edward Cunningham for his great help in preparing this article. He also wants to thank Victor Yuan (Horizon Market Research Company) for his tremendous help in designing the survey and implementing it. In addition, I would like to thank Anita Chan, Martin King Whyte and two anonymous reviewers for their extremely helpful comments on an earlier draft.     

Managerial autonomy: does it matter for the performance of water utilities?

The public administration literature asserts that autonomy is central to performance. In this article we develop a managerial autonomy index, which we apply to 22 water utilities in Africa, Asia and the Middle East. The 16 items that underlie our composite autonomy index display a high degree of internal consistency. This speaks for the validity of the autonomy concept. We find that the autonomy scores of the 22 utilities vary widely. We also find strong and positive associations between autonomy scores and six out of eight key performance indicators. Our results support the idea that autonomy is central to the performance of water service providers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.