超高效液相色谱法测定四川松潘3种秦艽中马钱苷酸和龙胆苦苷的含量

目的 采用超高效液相色谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography,UPLC)法对四川省松潘地产3种秦艽中马钱苷酸和龙胆苦苷含量进行测定,并考察海拔高度对其含量的影响.方法 采用BEH C18 (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%醋酸溶液为流动相;流速...     

反相高效液相色谱法测定茵栀黄口服液中栀子苷的含量

目的：测定茵栀黄口服液中栀子苷的含量。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法,C18-ODS柱为色谱柱,甲醇-水(20：80)为流动相,流速为1．0ml／min,检测波长：230nm。结果：线性范围为0．6228～1．557μg／ml(r=0．9998),平均回收率为100．15％,RSD为1．63％(n=5)。结论：本法操作简便,准确可靠。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定沙棘油中维生素E的含量

目的：采用反相高效液相色谱法测定沙棘油中维生素E的含量。方法：C18－ODS柱为色谱柱、甲醇－水（98：2）为流动相,流速为1．5ml/min,检测波长：280nm。结果：线性范围0．9－6．0μg(r=0.9998),平均回收率为99．17％,RSD为1．48％（n=5),结论：本法操作简便,准确可靠。     

A case of fatal intoxication from metformin

A case of fatal intoxication from metformin is presented. The decedent was an obese 58-year-old-woman with type II diabetes, in whom severe lactic acidosis secondary to metformin accumulation was precipitated by acute renal failure. She had been on metformin 500 mg twice a day. Postmortem blood was deproteinated with acetonitrile, washed with dichloromethane, and the resulting supernatant injected into high-performance liquid chromatography system. Separation was performed on a analytical 125 x 4 mm i.d. RP-8 column. The wavelength was set at 235 nm. The mobile phase was acetonitrile (40%), sodium lauryl sulfate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate adjusted to pH 5.1 (60%) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The concentration of metformin in postmortem blood was 77.3 microg/mL. The qualitative result was also confirmed by LC/APCI/MS/MS analysis.     

Detection of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites in porcine bones following extended outdoor decomposition

Skeletal remains of a domestic pig were assessed for relative distribution of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites. Following acute exposure and outdoor decomposition for 2 years, drugs and metabolites were analyzed in 13 different bones. Bones were pulverized following a simple wash procedure, and drugs were extracted by passive incubation in methanol, followed by solid-phase extraction. Samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and confirmed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Kruskall-Wallis test showed that bone type was a main effect with respect to drug level for all analytes, with levels varying from 33- to 166-fold. Ratios of levels of drug to that of the corresponding metabolite were less variable, varying roughly one- to eightfold. This suggests limitations in the interpretive value of drug measurements in bone and that relative levels of drug and metabolites should be further investigated in terms of forensic value.     

科技劳动价值创造与计量

由于科技劳动可以创造出巨量价值,因而有人提出用知识价值论取代劳动价值论。这是对科学技术劳动的特点不甚了解的表现。科学研究和技术操作是两种不同的劳动方式,这两种劳动方式是由于人有继承前人抽象思维的结果并有把抽象还原为现实具体的两个特性产生的。这两种劳动方式创造的价值和剩余价值可以分别计量。     

Biometric Security and Privacy Using Smart Identity Management and Interoperability: Validation and Vulnerabilities of Various Techniques

The central position of this article is that validation and interoperability are paramount for the effective and ethical use of biometrics. Illuminating the relevance for policymakers of the science underlying the security and privacy aspects of biometrics, this article calls for adequate and enforceable performance metrics that can be independently corroborated. Accordingly, the article considers biometrics and forensics for the dual challenges of addressing security and privacy using smart identity management. The discussion revolves around the concepts of “personally identifiable information” (PII) and interoperability with emphasis on quantitative performance analysis and validation for uncontrolled operational settings, variable demographics, and distributed and federated operations. Validation metrics includes expected rates of identification/misidentification, precision, and recall. The complementary concepts of identity and anonymity are addressed in terms of expected performance, functionality, law and ethics, forensics, and statistical learning. Biometrics encompasses appearance, behavior, and cognitive state or intent. Modes of deployment and performance evaluation for biometrics are detailed, with operational and adversarial challenges for both security and privacy described in terms of trustworthiness, vulnerabilities, functional creep, and feasibility of safeguards. The article underscores how lack of interoperability is mostly due to overfitting and tuning to well‐controlled settings, so that validation merely confirms “teaching to the test” rather than preparation for real‐world deployment. Most important for validation is reproducibility of results including full information on the experimental design used, that forensic exclusion is allowed, and that scientific methods for performance evaluation are followed. The article concludes with expected developments regarding technology use and advancements that bear on security and privacy, including data streams and video, de‐anonymization and reidentification, social media analytics and cyber security, and smart camera networks and surveillance.     

Measuring State Environmental Policy

Studies of environmental policy employ various empirical strategies for measuring state environmental effort. The majority of these strategies can be divided into four categories: indices of state programmatic indicators, government expenditures, pollution abatement costs, and regulatory enforcement actions. In this article, we argue that these measures are empirically distinct, capture different attributes of state environmental policy, and are correlated with different intrastate factors. Thus, the choice among environmental policy measures is substantively important for researchers to consider, and we conclude by providing advice to scholars concerning choosing among these measures.     

Estimating the Performance of Local Authorities as a Measure to Overpass the Financial Crisis: The Greek Case Study

Nowadays, local authorities face a number of problems that are related to the global economic crisis. For every government, the idea of measuring authorities’ performances and transferring funds based on this estimation seems to be a solution for their sustainable development. In this article, we introduce a methodological framework for measuring the performance of local authorities based on the (a) quality of services offered, (b) complexity of operational procedures, and (c) cooperation with the central governance. Finally, we propose a model for improving local authorities’ effectiveness.     

The Mediating Role of Ethical Climate in the Relationship Between Performance Appraisal and Organizational Performance

Although prior research has consistently established a positive relationship between performance appraisal and organizational performance across different research contexts, the mechanisms that underlie this link remain unclear. The present study attempts to fill this void by testing the mediating role of ethical climate in the relationship between performance appraisal and organizational performance across 181 Nigerian public sector agencies. Cross-sectional mediation analyses were performed using partial least squares path modeling approach. Results indicated that performance appraisal was positively and significantly related to organizational performance. Regarding the mediating effect, ethical climate significantly mediated the relationship between performance appraisal and organizational performance. The study made recommendations and drew suggestions for future research to enhance the performance of public sector agencies.