实际履行责任及其法律适用

本文认为 ,实际履行责任有其自身特定的适用范围和适用条件 ,它与支付违约金、赔偿损失以及其他补救方式一道 ,共同构成合同违约责任的法律后果。     

Performance management system in developing countries: A case study in Jordan

The performance management system (PMS) is critical to the success of any organisation, and this article investigates the PMS of the Greater Amman Municipality (GAM) in Jordan, which is one of the largest public entities in the country. The article identifies various problems that are faced by GAM, such as HRM and staff, management behaviour, and performance management, which significantly affect GAM's performance. Additionally, the article discusses the process of goal and indicator setting and development of the PMS of GAM. The article adopts a phenomenological approach and a qualitative case study methodology to collect primary data from 15 purposeful semi-structured interviews with GAM's experts. Thematic analysis is used as the data analysis technique to identify the PMS activities and address problems and difficulties in GAM's performance. The findings highlight eight major activities of GAM's PMS, which include performance sourcing, targeting, development, setting and responsibility, gauging, information, results, and alignment. These activities need to be managed properly if GAM wanted to meet its performance targets. Hence, the article presents a set of recommendations to improve GAM's PMS and overcome the identified difficulties, such as improving HRM practices and staff role, enhancing management behaviour, and establishing a performance management culture. Overall, the article provides valuable insights into the PMS of GAM and highlights the importance of an effective PMS to achieve organisational success.     

不同干燥方法对铁皮石斛多糖和甘露糖含量的影响

目的 研究不同干燥方法对铁皮石斛中有效活性成分石斛多糖和甘露糖含量的影响,为铁皮石斛药材的加工方法提供科学依据。方法 采用红外线、烘干、微波、真空冷冻4种方法干燥铁皮石斛,采用比色法测定多糖含量、高效液相色谱法测定甘露糖含量,分析比较不同干燥方法对多糖及甘露糖含量变化的影响。结果 不同干燥方法得到的铁皮石斛中多糖和甘露糖含量存在较大差异,真空冷冻干燥样品中多糖和甘露糖含量最高,明显优于另外3种干燥样品（P<0.05）。结论 真空冷冻干燥法能最大程度地保留样品中的多糖和甘露糖。     

高效液相色谱法测定山茱萸中熊果酸与齐墩果酸的含量

目的 采用高效液相色谱法同时测定山茱萸中熊果酸与齐墩果酸的含量,为山茱萸的质量控制提供依据。方法 Diamonsil-C18色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相为甲醇-（水∶冰乙酸∶三乙胺（30∶0.1∶0.05））（88∶12）,柱温25 ℃,流速1.0 ml/min,进样量20 μl,检测波长为210 nm。结果 熊果酸在0.031 5～0.315 mg/ml,齐墩果酸在0.015 6～0.156 mg/ml的浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;熊果酸和齐墩果酸的平均回收率分别为97.53%、100.08%,RSD分别为1.28%、1.98%。结论 本法操作简单,重复性好,结果准确可靠,可用于山茱萸的质量控制。     

基于经络平衡的电导法经络测量分析方法对慢性肾病的诊断价值研究

目的 基于经络平衡理论,探究电导法经络测量值的分析方法,考察其对慢性肾病的诊断价值。方法 纳入健康人群82例和慢性肾病人群222例,采用电导法测量手足井穴和原穴的电阻值,分别计算原穴阴阳比值、井穴阴阳比值、原穴手足比值、井穴手足比值、原穴左右比值、井穴左右比值,采用接收者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic, ROC）曲线考察两组差异具有统计学意义的比值对慢性肾病的诊断价值。结果 两组人群在井穴阴阳比值、原穴手足比值方面比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。ROC曲线显示井穴阴阳比值的曲线下面积（area under curve, AUC）为0.618,95% CI为［0.537,0.699］（P<0.05）,原穴手足比值的AUC为0.727,95% CI为［0.655,0.800］（P<0.01）。井穴阴阳比值的最优切点是1.16,灵敏度为0.64,特异度为0.52,原穴手足比值最优切点是1.04,灵敏度为0.68,特异度为0.72。结论 慢性肾病患者的经络平衡处于阴盛阳衰、上盛下衰状态,基于经络平衡的电导法经络测量分析方法具有较好的临床诊断效能。     

社区民警绩效考核与评价研究

在社区警务战略思想的指导下,如何构建科学合理的社区民警绩效考核标准及评价体系,是公安基础理论研究的重要内容。基于公安部及辽宁省公安厅颁布的有关法律法规,文章探讨了社区民警绩效考核应该遵循的原则及内容,并给出了社区民警绩效考核与评价的具体计算方法。     

排脓散汤剂和散剂中有效成分生物利用度的比较研究

目的 比较排脓散的汤剂与散剂中有效成分的药物代谢动力学参数,为排脓散的剂型选择提供依据.方法 以栀子苷为内标,采用UPLC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血液中芍药苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷和柚皮苷的含量,用乙酸乙酯法提取后,制备样品,然后使用Themo Scientific Syncronis C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)在35℃下进行色谱分离,以水和乙腈为流动相,流速0.3 mL/min,进行负离子模式的多反应监测,用于测定血浆中标准品和内标.结果 4种有效成分含量在0.2～500 ng/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,提取回收率、稳定性、精密度均良好且达到测定要求.大鼠经单次给药后,与汤剂比较,排脓散散剂可显著增加橙皮苷的生物利用度(P<0.05),而不能显著增加新橙皮苷、柚皮苷和芍药苷的生物利用度(P>0.05).结论 排脓散散剂的生物利用度可能更优于汤剂.     

解析9mm警用转轮手枪橡皮弹的战术性能

9mm警用转轮手枪是中国公安部自主研发的新型武器系统,为满足不同的战术需要,配发有低侵彻的手枪弹和非致命性的橡皮弹。其中9mm橡皮弹的弹头质量2.9g,初速度为110m/s,主要用于制服犯罪分子、驱散非法聚众闹事人群。在目标缺少防护的情况下用9mm警用转轮手枪,在五米内射击头部和胸腹部能够造成严重损伤,不排除危及生命的可能;6到15米射击胸部以下是相对安全的;在20米以外射击的精确度明显下降,可能无法命中目标。     

打破行政审批制度改革瓶颈思路探究

行政审批制度改革目前已处于瓶颈状态,表现出了一些失误和问题,影响了改革的继续深入。要打破行政审批制度改革瓶颈,其思路在于:将设定行政审批事项的"设计权、议事权"交由政府、社会和市场共同决定;改变公务员职业管理方式,试行政府雇员制;强化政府绩效管理。     

Don’t push too hard. Examining the managerial behaviours of local authorities in collaborative networks with nonprofit organisations

In recent years, collaborative networks have been at the forefront of theoretical, empirical and practical research into local governance. Nevertheless, the managerial behaviours local managers should employ in order to improve the performance of these networks are unclear. Following scholars' examinations of governance and the complementary relationship between government bodies and nonprofit organisations, we empirically examined – so far as we know for the first time – the relationship between local authority managerial behaviours towards nonprofit organisations, and the performance of collaborative networks. We found that above and beyond micro- and macro-level factors, the more the local authority employs inclusive governance and financial support behaviours towards the nonprofit organisation, the higher the performance of the collaborative network. In addition, the more the local authority employs monitoring-controlling behaviours, the lower the performance of the collaborative network. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings are developed in the context of local governance.