信息互动视角下“情感过滤”成因探析与对策研究

语言是一个负载信息的符号系统,交际是一个信息在交际者之间双向或多向的互动过程,信息的共享是交际活动的目的,信息的互动是交际活动的本质,语言的运用是交际的主要形式。“情感过滤”是一个人情感因素对语言习得和信息输入、输出产生的影响。学习动机、语言焦虑、语言态度、自我意象、自信心和移情等是造成“情感过滤”的主要因素,关注交际意义而非形式、关注交际情境、实现可理解性信息输入是降低“情感过滤”的有效策略。     

Robots,standards and the law: Rivalries between private standards and public policymaking for robot governance

This article explains the complex intertwinement between public and private regulators in the case of robot technology. Public policymaking ensures broad multi-stakeholder protected scope, but its abstractness often fails in intelligibility and applicability. Private standards, on the contrary, are more concrete and applicable, but most of the times they are voluntary and reflect industry interests. The ‘better regulation’ approach of the EU may increase the use of evidence to inform policy and lawmaking, and the involvement of different stakeholders. Current hard-lawmaking instruments do not appear to take advantage of the knowledge produced by standard-based regulations, virtually wasting their potential benefits. This fact affects the legal certainty with regards to a fast-paced changing environment like robotics. In this paper, we investigate the challenges of overlapping public/private regulatory initiatives that govern robot technologies in general, and in the concrete of healthcare robot technologies. We wonder until what extent robotics should be governed only by standards. We also reflect on how public policymaking could increase their technical understanding of robot technology to devise an applicable and comprehensive framework for this technology. In this respect, we propose different ways to integrate the technical know-how into policymaking (e.g., collecting the data/knowledge generated from the impact assessments in shared data repositories, and using it for evidence-based policies) and to strengthen the legitimacy of standards.     

警务战术课堂教学的和谐互动策略

警务战术课堂教学应是和谐互动的,它使“战术培训的教”与“战术培训的学”产生谐振效应,从而提高警务战术课的教学效果,真正促进学生的警务战术理论和应用能力的全面和谐的发展。     

英语教学中应实现课堂互动最大化

学习英语的目的是交流。交流是双方或多方沟通思想信息的过程。学校英语教学应当追求课堂互动最大化 ,这对于提高英语学习者使用这一交流工具的能力培养意义重大。     

思想政治教育主体间的良性交往及其实现

当前思想政治教育中教育者与受教育者之间交往关系的异化,影响了思想政治教育的实效性,建构一种以地位平等、以人为本、贴近生活、相互理解、互惠共赢为本蕴的主体间良性交往的思想政治教育很有必要。转变教育者的思维方式、强化受教育者的主体意识、推行双向互动的教育模式、采取平等对话的语言交流方式、选取贴近生活世界的教育内容,是实现思想政治教育主体间良性交往的理性选择。     

沟通与调适：“警察公共关系建设”研究文献综述

从2003年全国公安宣传处长会议上正式提出警察公共关系的理念至今,关于警察公共关系建设的理论研究和实践在全国范围内不断展开。本文对近年来关于警察公共关系建设研究的文献进行梳理,运用行动与结构的相关理论分析和总结警察公共关系中的要素及其关系。     

Geographic Opportunity and Neomalthusian Willingness: Boundaries,Shared Rivers,and Conflict

International conflict has been analyzed extensively through the framework of opportunity and willingness. Opportunity has mainly been operationalized as physical proximity. Willingness has been measured in a number of ways, and remains a somewhat more elusive concept. Several scholars have called for boundary length to represent opportunity. Heeding such calls, Harvey Starr has used GIS methods to generate boundary length for 1993 and has found it to be associated with increased propensity to conflict. A number of his measures of willingness were not. Using a new and much more extensive dataset on boundary length for the entire Correlates of War period, this article finds very different results. We study the relationship with shared rivers and water scarcity as measures of neomalthusian factors in willingness over a 110-year period. The results indicate that the neomalthusian factors are significant although not dramatic in their effects. Boundary length, while associated with conflict in a bivariate analysis, fades into insignificance when the neomalthusian willingness measures are introduced.     

Cultivating Dialogue: From Fragmentation to Relationality in Conflict Interaction

This article builds on the tendency in recent decades in the field of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) to analyze conflict and its transformation from a relational perspective. It surveys developments in twentieth‐century philosophy that support the ongoing quest to explore the self in ADR from a relational perspective. It then shows how the concept of dialogue provides a framework for understanding conflict transformation from a relational perspective, by exploring the relational foundations of dialogue. It also draws a connection between the growing use of mindfulness practices in conflict settings and the practice of dialogue, suggesting that Buddhist philosophy and practices can help cultivate relational awareness and dialogue. The article therefore suggests that incorporating dialogue and exploring its relational characteristics can assist ADR scholars and practitioners to develop further practices that can promote collaboration by shifting disputants from adversarial and fragmented orientations to more relational mindsets.     

政府与社会关系视角下的政府信用构成要素研究

政府与社会是一种契约关系。政府信用的实质就是在契约关系中政府的合法性问题。政府与社会的良性互动不仅构成政府信用建设的现实基础,也是政府信用要素研究的理论基础。在政府与社会关系的视角下,结合政府信用的基本原则,提炼出了七大政府信用构成要素,从系统、动态的角度分析了各构成要素所需要遵循的原则和建设目标。     

政社互动：创新社会管理背景下的行政法新模式

在我国“全能政府”的传统治理模式难以满足社会发展需求的情况下,吸收公众的广泛参与和社会组织的协同治理成为公共行政改革的必然选项。同时,在加强创新社会管理背景下,社会管理的行政模式也由传统的“机关行政”向“公共行政”转变,政府与社会之间的关系也不再是一种领导和被领导、指挥和被指挥的关系,而应该是一种平等合作、政社良性互动的关系。现代行政法也是以民主行政和合作治理为基础的行政法。更强调社会的自治和参与。因此,当代公共行政社会化背景下的政府与社会的关系理应是一种合作信任关系,相应地公共行政模式也就是“政社互动”新模式。