Two post-war paths: popular violence in the Bohemian lands and in Austria in the aftermath of World War I

The study explores the phenomenon of popular violence in the first months and years after the end of World War I on the basis of a comparison between the Bohemian lands, forming the central part of the newly established Czechoslovakia, and Austria, as another successor state to the former Habsburg monarchy. Aside from the continuities, new forms of violence increasingly emerged in the first years after the end of the war, and also the “language” of violence was transformed. While in Czechoslovakia, the framework within which people were learning to understand the new world was shaped by the national and republican discourse oriented to the future, in Austria the collective identities and mentalities were being formed along the lines of particular party political blocks. In both cases, the nationalization and politicization of violence respectively contributed to the emergence of new forms of popular violence; but at the same time they could also be used for its de-escalation, necessary for the re-integration of society disrupted by the wartime experience. However, even if both countries went out from the war on different paths, the violence stayed part of their political culture and it could be mobilized again.     

中外法律语言研究侧重点的差异及启示

法律与语言的关系问题是法律语言学的研究范围。司法领域中的语言问题是法律语言学研究的核心问题。一般来讲,法律语言研究分为书面语和口语两个范畴。中外法律语言研究侧重点存在着较大不同。中国法律语言研究重书面语研究而轻法律口语研究,范围多局限于语言本身,很少涉及到语言学在司法领域中的应用等方面。国外法律语言研究对国内法律语言的未来研究与发展有重要的启示意义。     

对西方法学"语言学转向"的解读

法律与语言有着密切的关系.20世纪下半叶,伴随哲学研究的发展,西方法学研究也经历了语言学的转向,先后出现了语义分析法学、新修辞学法学、法律解释学、结构主义符号法学等学术派别,这些派别跨学科、多向度的研究范式怀疑、消解、重构了传统法学理论中的法律语言观,并给现代法学的发展带来革命性的变化,体现了当今学界的潮流,值得我国法学研究借鉴和吸收.     

刑事错案概念的深层次分析

刑事错案是刑事司法活动中客观存在的一种现象,中国古代和西方都对刑事错案有所研究,并形成了具有时代特点和地域特点的刑事错案概念。可以将刑事错案存在的语境分为诉讼语境和诉讼外语境。在诉讼语境中,学者对刑事错案的概念有“主观说”、“客观说”、“主客观统一说”以及“三重标准说”等等。实践中,有些存在错误的诉讼情形不属于错案：漏罪、漏人情形、量刑偏重偏轻、存疑案件、一般性违反刑事诉讼程序的行为、被否定的正常诉讼行为以及法律的变化导致刑罚变化。     

浅议英美文学作品中人名俗语的寓意方式及文化内涵

人名俗语不仅是一种语言现象,更是一种具有丰富内涵的文化现象。对英美作品人名俗语的寓意方式和文化内涵进行深刻的探讨,不仅有利于语言学习和文学创作,而且有利于提高学习及文学创作的兴趣。     

Using Named Entities for Computer‐Automated Verbal Deception Detection

There is an increasing demand for automated verbal deception detection systems. We propose named entity recognition (NER; i.e., the automatic identification and extraction of information from text) to model three established theoretical principles: (i) truth tellers provide accounts that are richer in detail, (ii) contain more contextual references (specific persons, locations, and times), and (iii) deceivers tend to withhold potentially checkable information. We test whether NER captures these theoretical concepts and can automatically identify truthful versus deceptive hotel reviews. We extracted the proportion of named entities with two NER tools (spaCy and Stanford's NER) and compared the discriminative ability to a lexicon word count approach (LIWC) and a measure of sentence specificity (speciteller). Named entities discriminated truthful from deceptive hotel reviews above chance level, and outperformed the lexicon approach and sentence specificity. This investigation suggests that named entities may be a useful addition to existing automated verbal deception detection approaches.     

"道"作为形上之语言

作为老子哲学本体论的"道"是一种语言存在论."道"是对语言的形上化.老子对"道"的规定、解释均以本真语言为原型,"道"的基本特性与语言的本质特征是基本吻合的.     

谈警察规劝性言语的得体性

得体性原则是修辞学重要的原则,也是评判交际言语优劣的最重要标准。警察使用的规劝性言语,是语言的具体使用,属于言语活动的范畴,它是一种特殊的言语交际活动。规劝性言语具有可接受性、向善性和艺术性三个特征,得体的规劝性言语必须遵循四个原则,即:合境原则、言语与交际对象协调原则、礼貌与诚信原则。只有把握了规劝性言语的这些特征和原则,才能较好地完成规劝性言语交际活动。