日军遗华化学武器诉讼案及其前景析——兼论日本的战后责任问题

近年来,日军遗华化学武器致人伤亡事件不断发生,从1996年起中国受害者就开始在日本法院提起民间索赔诉讼,但迄今无一最终胜诉.民间赔偿不同于战争赔偿,中国受害者的民间索赔诉讼属日本未尽的战后责任问题,这不仅涉及受害者利益,而且关乎中日关系.2006年4月3日中国民间对日索赔联合会在北京成立,开启了中国民间对日索赔的国内诉讼程序.另一方面,中国政府也应从各方面给受害者的索赔诉讼提供支持,包括尝试国际求偿.但这一问题的解决最终还有赖于日本正确看待其侵略历史,彻底履行战争责任.     

Misogyny in ‘post-war’ Afghanistan: the changing frames of sexual and gender-based violence

Abstract

Although the US and NATO invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 was ideologically justified under the banner of democracy and women’s rights, the latter issue has been completely forgotten within the public sphere since then. As the war has officially ended in Afghanistan, new forms of misogyny and sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) have arisen. The ‘post-war’ Afghan context presents an institutional normalization of violence, favouring a culture of rape and impunity. The changing frames of violence against women are widely related to the political situation of the country: while public attention is focused on peace agreements, women’s issues are relegated to banalities and depicted as ‘everyday’ news. Meanwhile, new frames of SGBV appear as body part mutilation within marriage, forced prostitution, and increasing domestic violence, partly due to the growing consumption of opium but also to the perpetuation of powerful warlords in state structures. This article draws on gender studies to analyse the current misogynist culture in ‘post-war’ Afghanistan, framing the new forms of violence induced by successive armed conflicts. It relies on interviews conducted in 2013 in Afghanistan; and on secondary sources, mostly taken from the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan and Human Rights Watch reports.     

Preface to Yoshimi Shun'ya's Voice Capitalism

Abstract

This article is a translation of the preface to Voice Capitalism by influential sociologist Yoshimi Shun'ya. The chapter ties together a wealth of discourse on the meaning of sound to society and to the individual, and its evolving role as a means of expression and connection to our environments. Yoshimi walks us through Nagai Kafū's reverence for tangible sound, R. Murray Schafer's schizophonic soundscapes, Marshal McLuhan's essays on the impact of the advent of sound recordings and electronic voices, Glenn Gould's theories on the blurring borders between musical performer and audience – amongst numerous other topics and writers.     

The problem of peace and the meaning of ‘post-war’

The literature on war endings and peace-building pivots on a concept that it in fact continues to struggle with: peace. I argue that we should abandon the conceptualisation of peace as a condition. By implication, we must also abandon the notion of war-to-peace transition and the underlying teleology that projects peace as a deferred and ambiguous end state. Instead, I propose the term post-war transition. Importantly, the prefix post should not be understood as a temporal breakpoint: a definitive after. Rather, it signals an ambition to address and move beyond, analogous to the term post-colonialism. I subsequently draw on the post-colonial literature to further elaborate my conceptualisation of post-war transition with three propositions, respectively concerning: the discursive politics of retrospectivity; the assertion of sovereignty as the foundational referent of law and political order; and the concept of articulation to juxtapose contingent change and constrained agency. I then apply these ideas to the Sri Lankan case to illustrate what angles and insights my conceptualisation of post-war transition could offer.     

Aid and transition from a war economy to an oligarchy in post-war Tajikistan

Exclusion and violence persist in post-conflict states, despite international assistance aimed at the demilitarization of politics. Through a field-based study of Tajikistan, this paper argues that aid focuses on economic liberalization, not the implementation of peace agreements, in the initial stage of post-war transition. Such an organization of aid empowers a particular group of elites who have privileged access to state assets at the time of civil war settlement, allowing them to establish institutional frameworks that will consolidate their personal and monopolistic control of resources. This leads to the collapse of power-sharing arrangements, as the incumbent regime seeks to remove wartime commanders and opposition leaders from the administrative apparatus. In Tajikistan, the incumbent regime has also prosecuted many of these former allies and opponents on account of corruption through state agencies established with donor assistance. Aid thus institutionalized exclusion and sustains patterns of violence along civil war divisions, rather than transforming wartime power structures.     

Experience Writing on World War II in Post-war Japanese Literature

In early postwar Japanese literature emerged a large number of literary works on the experience of World War II. All these works interpret the writers’ intuitive sense from the perspective of battlefield experience, captive experience, atomic bomb blast experience, post-war experience and the occupied experience. Although they had the same topic, different literature schools and different individual authors wrote in quite different ways, whose views on the war were totally diverse. Among all these writers, some reflected on the duty of war with consciences; the others attempted to obscure the guilty in their works. Thus it is necessary to make concrete analyses on concrete conditions when the literary criticism is being studied, which is not only the expression of respecting historical truth, but also the objective requirement of maintaining the victory of the war against Fascism.     

Backjumps: writing,watching, erasing train graffiti

This article deals with mobile semiotics. First and foremost, it discusses mobility as a semiotic device. The analysis engages with backjumps, a genre of train graffiti that draws inventively on various forms of movement. The term backjump refers to any fairly elaborate graffiti piece painted on trains in traffic, notably during the trains’ extended stops at terminal stations. The examples focus on the Stockholm metro, where a rigorous anti-graffiti policy has been firmly in place: graffiti is quickly cleaned off trains and a range of strategies is implemented to keep graffiti writing under wraps. By slyly inserting graffiti into the metro system, the mobility-driven backjump practice allows graffiti writers to temporarily subvert this semiotic regime. Furthermore, the forms of semiotic mobility at play are not limited to the movement of the trains. As the present study shows, mobile backjumps are entangled in other patterns of mobility, which jointly underwrite a number of interlinked semiotic processes.     

国际关系的语言转向与建构主义理论发展研究:以语言游戏为例

19世纪末20世纪初发生的西方哲学的语言转向对西方思想文化的很多领域都产生过并仍在产生着重大影响,这次语言转向使人们更加意识到语言具有一定的本体地位,具有行事功能和社会功能,同时产生意义的主体间性。另一方面,语言在国际关系的很多理论中被简约掉,国际关系的语言转向研究也相对比较迟缓,主要集中在建构主义和后结构主义。本文主要以语言游戏为例,从规则的建立、遵守和转变来分析语言转向对建构主义理论的影响,主要体现在语言建构规则,规则塑造语境,语境决定意义、意义限制行为,而语言在整个过程中起了重要作用。     

论侦查讯问语言艺术

讯问犯罪嫌疑人主要通过语言，它是侦查讯问过程的主要载体。在讯问过程中，侦查人员的语言表达能力如何，直接影响讯问的效果。侦查人员提高运用讯问语言艺术的自觉性，并运用讯问语言艺术促使讯问活动顺利进行，是提高讯问水平的重要方面。因此，运用讯问语言艺术的水平高低，在讯问中具有特殊的意义。     

论语言学传统的规范作用

语言学传统形成了以后就会造成非常强大的导向力量,使得后来的语言学家们都顺着已开辟的道路继续学术讨论。西方语言学以范畴分类为中心,并且发展出了一整套分析语言的概念和工具,这对中国语言学起了非常强大的规范作用,造成了目前中国语言学研究与语言实践相脱节的困境。改变这种情况有待于中国学术思想的整体转型。