抓质量创特色求发展 --全国成人高校学报系统联络中心 2005年年会暨编辑学学术研讨会会议纪要

提高办刊质量,突出刊物特色,创建名栏工程,是全国成人高校学报系统联络中心2005年年会的主要议题.与会代表围绕这一主题,提出许多重要观点,并形成共识.本次年会在编辑学学术研讨和交流方面,也取得了重要成果.     

法医学教学谫论

法医学教学应随着时代的发展而发展,应用计算机多媒体技术于教学中能够弥补传统教学的不足;建立实习、实训、实验基地是对课堂教学的必要补充;教学理念应注入新的思想,从以往以教师为中心转变为以学生为中心;教师自身素质也需获得全方位的提高。     

有关违宪审查制度基本理论问题探析

从世界各国的宪政实践来看,违宪审查主要分为三种模式:代议机关审查模式、普通法院审查模式和专门机关审查模式,而每种模式又都根源于各国制度形成的社会和历史背景。本文意在对各主要模式进行梳理的基础上,指出违宪审查制度之于我国法治和宪政建设的重要意义,以期促进我国的法治进程。     

刍议大学生科研能力培养与综合素质的提高

大学生参加科研实践是培养高素质、高质量人才的重要手段和有效途径,其作用和意义在高等教育阶段应得到充分认识和重视。本文着重从学习能力的增强、创新能力的培养和综合素养的全面提升三个方面,探讨大学生科研能力培养对提高大学生综合素质的重要作用。     

A review of quality procedures in the UK forensic sciences: What can the field of digital forensics learn?

With a reliance on the various forms of forensic science evidence in complex criminal investigations, the measures for ensuring its quality are facing increasing scrutiny. Improvements to quality management systems, to ensure both the robust application of scientific principles and the accurate interpretation and reporting of results, have arisen as a consequence of high-profile rebuttals of forensic science evidence, combined with process improvements driven by evaluation of current practice. These improvements are crucial to ensure validity of results as well as providing assurance for all those involved in the Criminal Justice System. This work first examines the quality management systems utilised for the examination and analysis of fingerprint, body fluid and DNA evidence. It then proceeds to highlight an apparent lack of comparable quality assurance mechanisms within the field of digital forensics, one of the newest branches of forensic science. Proposals are provided for the improvement of quality assurance for the digital forensics arena, drawing on the experiences of, and more well-established practices within, other forensic disciplines.     

A systematic review of effective therapeutic interventions and management strategies for challenging behaviour in women in forensic mental health settings

Women in secure forensic mental health care require therapy and care that is responsive to their specific needs. Despite the policy recognition that women require a distinct service, evidence based practice is not available for this population. This review was undertaken in response to a clinical need within a medium secure unit in Glasgow that was experiencing high levels of challenging behaviour, in a female ward. The review aimed to identify effective strategies or interventions for the management of challenging behaviour in women in secure services and, therefore, improve practice and patient care. A synthesis of the findings from the 11 identified studies revealed variability in the approaches used to support women in forensic services, including: behavioural programmes; organisational change with a focus on staff training and support; medication; ECT and mechanical restraint. The challenging behaviours assessed included self-harm; physical and verbal aggression; suicide attempts and arson/fire setting. The majority of articles suggested some improvement in aspects of challenging behaviour, however this was limited by the lack of control groups and small sample sizes. Further investigation is required to find out whether interventions identified in this review can sustain a reduction in challenging behaviours in the long-term.     

Intra‐ and Inter‐Element Variability in Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA from Fresh and Environmentally Exposed Skeletal Remains,

Successful identification of skeletonized remains often relies upon DNA analyses, frequently focusing on the mid‐diaphysis of weight‐bearing long bones. This study explored intra‐bone DNA variability using bovine and porcine femora, along with calcanei and tali. DNA from fresh and short‐term environmentally exposed bone was extracted utilizing demineralization and standard lysis buffer protocols, and DNA quantity and quality were measured. Overall, femoral epiphyses, metaphyses, and the tarsals had more nuclear and mitochondrial DNA than did the femoral diaphyses. DNA loss was much more rapid in buried bones than in surface exposed bones, while DNA quality differed based on environment, but not bone region/element. The demineralization protocol generated more DNA in some bone regions, while the standard lysis was more effective in others, and neither significantly affected DNA quality. Taken together, these findings reinforce the importance of considering inter‐ and intra‐bone heterogeneity when sampling skeletal material for forensic DNA‐based identifications.     

新时代完善我国宪法实施监督制度的新思考

健全宪法实施与监督制度是实现依宪治国的关键。宪法的实施首先是政治实施,宪法的法律实施也主要强调的是宪法对部门法实施的根本依据,而并非在司法判决中具体直接适用。宪法司法化并不是我国完善宪法实施与监督制度的应然路径。全国人民代表大会及其常务委员会是我国宪法实施与监督的机关,应该予以坚持。党的十九大报告指出,要完善合宪性审查,这意味着应加快在全国全国人民代表大会内部进行完善宪法实施与监督的专门机构的建设。     

海事安全目标导向型公约:生成发展与我国应对

基于海事安全风险管控从"经验公式""二元并存"向"技术标准""一元主导"的转变,海事安全公约未来发展方向将由"描述型"转为"目标导向型"。海事安全目标导向型公约的创制技术包括分层立法框架、条款背离和等效替代等方面,从而对相关法律规范的表述模式、相关法律关系的具体面向和各缔约国履约责任的逻辑路径等带来深刻影响。作为正在从海事大国迈向海事强国的我国来说,应对海事安全目标导向型公约及其创制技术的发展,需要进一步提升船舶建造技术标准规范创制水平,积极抢占标准战略竞争的制高点;更新海事安全法律规范的创制理念,构建更具灵活性、主动性的立法模式;完善海事履约审核体系和各构成要素,确保我国的海事安全目标导向型公约履行义务的全面实现。     

What the Trial Judge Needs to Know about the Convention of 23 November 2007 on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance

Since the 1950s, there have been several international multi‐lateral treaties for recognition and enforcement of child and spousal support orders. They operated, primarily, in civil law countries where “creditor‐based jurisdiction” allowed establishment of an order in the country of habitual residence of the child or the custodial parent. The United States, requiring “minimum contacts” with the debtor to establish personal jurisdiction, could not be a party to such agreements. For nearly fifty years the U.S., and a few states, sought to fill the need for international reciprocity by negotiating individual country‐to‐country or state‐to‐country arrangements. With ratification of the 2007 Family Maintenance Convention, the United States was finally able to join in a multi‐lateral treaty. The treaty took effect in the United States on January 1, 2017, establishing procedures for international recognition, enforcement and modification of family support orders with 35 other countries already party to the Convention (including the entire European Union). The grand bargain struck during the negotiations between 2003 and 2007 was that the U.S. would honor a foreign order if, under the facts presented, there were sufficient minimum contacts with the debtor that would have supported personal jurisdiction if the order had been entered in any state in the U.S. If unable to recognize a foreign order, the U.S. agreed to take steps to issue a new one. The treaty establishes administrative procedures that, in many respects, are nearly identical to interstate enforcement of domestic support orders in this country. But there are also aspects of the treaty that are entirely new and warrant explanation for family and juvenile court judges. This article focuses on several unique provisions of the treaty that judges and attorneys need to understand.