子代孝道类别对亲代福祉的影响探究——基于CFPS2014的实证检验

弘扬孝亲敬老传统美德在支持家庭养老保障机制的有效运转和提升老年福祉水平方面具有积极作用,亦是践行党的二十大报告中“弘扬中华传统美德,加强家庭家教家风建设”的有益探索。研究发现子代持有的孝道观念在具备相互性和权威性双元面向的基础上,可进一步被划分为“高认同型”“分化型”“矛盾型”“低认同型”四个潜在类别;“孝道—福祉增进效应”具有稳定性,子代对相互性孝道认同程度越高,其亲代产生高福祉水平的可能性更大;该效应在亲代群体间具有异质性,拥有养老资源较为匮乏的亲代,能够从孝道对福祉的正向效应中获得更多回报。下一步政策取向是强化新时代家庭观的制度保障,进一步发挥家风建设和家庭美德发展对实现代际之间紧密的情感联结和高度的责任认同的有效力量。     

从“回娘家”到“联谊会”:外嫁女的“报”与新宗族主义的兴起

本文以对粤北甘姓宗族村庄的田野调查为基础,研究近年流行于华南和东南地区的"外嫁女联谊会"。这一新的社会组织形态是新宗族主义背景下外嫁女与村庄共谋互惠的结果。研究发现,新宗族主义的兴起,改变了以往以男性为中心的组织形式,基于平等、自愿的同宗女性成员之间的联合成为可能。外嫁女回报娘家村庄的初衷,使外嫁女、宗亲网络、村庄三者之间构成一种"报"的循环机制。在这个过程中,村庄借助外嫁女连带群体,间接获得更多公共服务和资源,降低了正式制度的运行成本,形成一种新的乡村再组织方式。最后讨论新宗族的"里"与"表",新宗族主义是传统宗族一脉相承的延续,呈现出适应时代发展和社会变迁的弹性。     

外国判决承认与执行中的互惠原则

互惠原则作为承认与执行外国法院判决的重要条件之一,其与对等原则有一定的区别,价值基础是坚持程序正义优先的原则。大陆法系和英美法系有关互惠原则的规定有所不同,理论上较为提倡的观点是实质互惠和取消互惠。通过对互惠原则基本发展由来以及目前各国立法现状的阐述,并对其优劣性进行分析,可得出对我国发展改进该项原则的一些启示。     

Horizons of long-distance intimacies

This article employs the renewed anthropology of kinship to revisit historical approaches to the study of social relations taking place in transnational social fields. Based on multi-sited qualitative anthropological fieldwork with a strong historical perspective centred on biographical interviews and social network analysis, the author examines a particular Cape Verdean household that comprises four generations and extends its contacts between several Cape Verdean islands, Portugal, São Tomé/Príncipe as well as the United States. The contextualization of the individual life courses of its members and their changing relatedness in the course of time brings to surface a complex design of factors that contribute to the sense of belonging or detachment in this Creole transnational island society. These are different levels of mobility, the challenges and limits of diverse levels of technical connectivity between several localities, the dynamics between approved relatedness and family-based migration regimes as well as the normative aspects resulting in a gendered perspective on the demands of reciprocity. The author introduces the notion of a “contributive family model” in order to capture the individual choice of keeping in touch and the meaning of social practices, which transform ideas of relatedness into reconfirmed transnational solidarities.     

Crossing Boundaries: Action Networks,Amalgamation and Inter-Community Trust in a Small Rural Shire

Local government reforms introduced throughout the mid-1990s radically altered the face, institutional form and structure of local government in the state of Victoria, Australia. In rural areas, where shire boundaries often reflected deeply ingrained notions of communal interest and identity, the forced merger of previously independent and fiercely parochial councils into larger unified political and administrative units was particularly contentious. Drawing on a survey of 649 residents from the rural Shire of Buloke, this paper examines attitudes towards local government amalgamation, levels of inter-community trust and reciprocity, and how these vary across different parts of the municipality. Social network analysis is then used to explore the relationship between these attitudes and trust levels and the structure and orientation of respondents’ inter-community networks. The paper finds that despite the passage of more than a decade, significant residual resentment surrounding the impact of the forced amalgamations remains evident across most communities in Buloke Shire. There is a widespread perception that the reforms have undermined rather than improved the operation of local government across the municipality, and that post-amalgamation political structures have largely failed to effectively reconcile the diverse and sometimes disparate interests of Buloke's constituent towns and communities. The network analysis also suggests that much work remains to be done to develop a meaningful sense of community based on the new administrative boundaries, with very little evidence of cross-community cooperation, coalition building or issue-based interaction detected.     

外国仲裁裁决论析——基于《纽约公约》及中国实践的视角

《纽约公约》适用的“外国仲裁裁决”包括了在外国作出的裁决和非内国裁决两类。“在外国作出的裁决”是指法律上的仲裁地位于任何外国的裁决,因此,当事人住所地、仲裁机构所在地或仲裁裁决书签字地以及当事人的国籍和裁决的国际性等因素均与判定某项裁决是否属于外国仲裁裁决以及应否适用该公约无关。互惠保留只是将“在外国作出的裁决”进一步限定为在缔约的外国而非任何外国作出的裁决,故互惠保留既无一般意义上的互惠对等含义,也不应作其他扩大解释。缔约国只能将本国境内作出的裁决自主认定为“非内国裁决”。由国际商会仲裁院等外国仲裁机构在中国境内作出的裁决应在中国被认定为该公约项下的“非内国裁决”。     

以工补农过于行政化的经济非理性分析

以工补农对促进农业发展起了重要作用,但行政化色彩越来越浓厚,浪费和低效现象随之而生。以工补农要尽量避免过于行政化,发挥市场配置资源要素和城乡平等交换劳动产品的作用。工农、城乡之间本质上是良性互动关系,不宜搞谁轻谁重、保谁弃谁的"零和"策略,应该选择双赢或多赢策略。以工补农不能完全避免行政干预,但要提高政府干预的科学性。     

Political culture and the persistence of inequality

A definition of political culture is posited in which the values that regulate reciprocal altruism constitute a normative system that sustains social solidarity and stabilizes inequalities. These values dampen resentment over unequal rewards by justifying status differences and the exclusion of racial, ethnic, and religious groups, among others, from full participation in social life. Inequality is bolstered by conventional modes of moral reasoning that legitimize explanations for inequality that are embedded in law or emanate from authority.     

论国际法强制执行的法理基础

国际法的强制执行具有充分的法理基础。国家意志是国际法强制执行的根据。强制执行规则的制定、措施的选择、执行或者放弃都由国家决定。强行法是国际法强制执行的规范基础。它要求国际法必须是可被强制执行的。相互原则是国际法强制执行的基本机制，通过剥夺违法国的权利的方式发挥作用。国际组织的制裁是国际法强制执行的集中机制，由国际组织集体决定并授权国家采取强制措施。     

Mind The Gap

The governance phenomenon brings law back to its very ‘origin’, namely, law-making (‘Recht-Fertigung’), and reveals that law is not anchored to a specific ‘polis’ or to Hobbesian statehood, but is able to pursue different forms of ‘the common’ as long as its paradox function is fulfilled. Law recognises and develops normative standards for the creation of social structures while also leading a continuous battle against any restrictions to democracy, common wealth and justice connected to these structures. Law here acts ‘politically’ and in affinity to social movements that struggle against any form of social ‘immunisation’. This article analyses the conditions of this affinity and its consequences for the concept of ‘justice’.