反思与进路：行政诉讼协调和解程序之建构

行政诉讼协调和解作为一项探索性工作,在司法实践中很有生命力,但也存在一些问题：缺乏独立程序价值地位,片面追求＂案结事了＂的价值功能,某些规定有违正当程序原则。构建行政诉讼协调和解机制的理念基础是：明确行政诉讼协调和解内涵,赋予其独立诉讼程序地位,衡平纠纷解决与权力监督之间关系,借鉴域内外立法经验。具体规则设计应从以下几方面考虑：行政协调的原则、模式、范围、结案方式及救济途径;最终还需立法支持。     

刑事和解与刑法基本原则的协调性

刑事和解是一种在非刑罚化、被害人保护、犯罪人再社会化等方面均极具创意的新制度。刑法基本原则是我国刑事司法过程中应恪守的重要原则。刑事和解与刑法基本原则关系问题是完善刑事和解所必需的基础性理论。不容否认,刑事和解与刑法基本原则之间存在冲突,然而系统论证之后可以得出二者间存在着协调可能性且协调性占主导地位。     

刑事诉讼中的和谐价值宏论

和谐社会理论提出以来,关于和谐价值的探讨已经如汗牛充栋,但就刑事诉讼中的和谐价值问题却一直没有人进行研究,而这一价值又常常被刑事诉讼法学者所使用。和谐是中国的本土文化,凝结着中国人的智慧。我们不仅应用世界的眼光解决中国的问题,更应从中国的问题出发,用中国的眼光来解决世界的问题。刑事和解的最主要的价值理念就是和谐价值,在整个刑事诉讼价值体系中应当明确树立和谐价值理论,并依据和谐价值理论凸显伦理道德的要求,从而使刑事诉讼的过程和结果更和谐,实现其真、善、美的统一。     

刑事和解案件范围论

因和解内涵的理解差异,刑事和解案件范围在立法、司法与学界存在严重分歧。刑事和解案件范围的确定应当立足于刑事和解内涵的重新厘定以及刑事和解与刑事政策在案件处理方面的差别。当刑事和解建立在当事人双方达成谅解而致起诉权的放弃与加害人刑事可罚性降低的前提下,它只能适用于存在被害人的自诉案件与公诉案件,而且,应当遵循宪法原则、平等原则下的差别原则及公序良俗确定其中的个罪能否和解。     

税务和解对行政和解的扩张——以案件范围为中心

《税务行政复议规则》第八十六条和《行政复议实施条例》第四十条均是对和解的案件范围的表述.通过从这两个有关和解范围的条文对比,不难看出税务和解较行政和解有扩张之趋势,税务和解作为税务行政机关纠纷解决的内部机制,其扩张必然会对司法审查和纳税人权利保护产生相当大地冲击,对其必须加以限制.     

“To not hate”: reconciliation among victims of violence and participants of the Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission

The Greensboro Truth and Reconciliation Commission (GTRC) was an intervention promoting reconciliation among the victims and community affected by the 1979 Greensboro Massacre in North Carolina. An exploratory qualitative research design was used, in which in‐depth, open‐ended interviews were conducted with victims of the Greensboro Massacre who subsequently participated in the GTRC (n = 17). Findings revealed a typology of reconciliation that includes cognitive–affective, behavioral and social reconciliation. Respondents displayed different orientations in how they prioritized reconciliation with the twin goals of seeking truth and justice. The GTRC did contribute to interpersonal reconciliation, and can be a useful model of communities working to recover from violence. The cognitive–affective, behavioral and social typology of reconciliation can be used to assess other interventions aimed at promoting reconciliation. Individuals’ personal orientations towards reconciliation can also be used to explain different reactions among people to restorative justice efforts.     

Reconciliation Arguments in John Rawls’s Political Philosophy

Abstract

Recently debates about the worth of “ideal theory” have directed attention to the functions that an account of a perfectly just society can serve. One function is that of “reconciliation”: learning that a seemingly undesirable feature of the social world would exist even in the perfectly just society can show us the value that it has in the present as well. John Rawls has emphasized reconciliation as among the roles of political philosophy. For instance, Rawls claims that his theory of justice can reconcile us to the pluralism of liberal democracies. In this essay, I argue that Rawls’s political theory also can reconcile the inhabitants of liberal democratic societies to the fact that such societies may be cognitively confusing on account of their complexity. Then I contend that Rawls’s work offers valuable theoretical resources for analysing a society’s transparency or lack thereof.     

论审查起诉阶段刑事和解模式的构建

2013年1月1日生效的新《刑事诉讼法》在特殊程序一章中,首次确立了当事人和解的公诉案件诉讼程序,这标志着运行多年的刑事和解制度在立法上获得了确认。审查起诉阶段的刑事和解是刑事和解制度的重要组成部分,也是检察权运行的重要载体。基于对该阶段检察机关作用的实践考察,刑事和解实践模式可分为检察机关参与模式和主导模式。通过对这两种实践模式的理论分析,指出未来审查起诉阶段刑事和解应当以能动监督模式作为发展方向。     

Somaliland's post-war reconstruction: Rubble to rebuilding

ABSTRACT

This study captures the momentum of Somaliland's national reconciliation nationstate-rebuilding phase as it drives a reconstruction process involving the demobilisation of militias; internal state institutional reconstruction focusing on the House of Elders and the House of Representatives; the international dimensions of reconstruction involving humanitarian aid and developmental assistance; private reconstruction initiatives interacting with the development of a monetary exchange process and the participation of the Somaliland diaspora; and the role of women as the backbone of the Somaliland economy, and how all of these social components of nation-state building are framed constitutionally in the crafting of a multi-party democracy with northern Somali characteristics. However, the broader context in which these reconstructive dynamics unfold is conditioned by the emergence of militant expressions of political Islam within and outside the Somali coast in and around the Red Sea ‘Afrabian’ transregion and the Persian Gulf.     

论刑事和解对刑罚功能发挥的影响——基于双重预防的反思

刑事和解对刑罚功能发挥的影响一直是引人关注的话题,新（《刑事诉讼法》对于刑事和解程序的相关规定一定程度上缓解了两者之间的紧张关系,但是在剥夺犯罪人再犯能力、完善个别威慑实际效果、降低改造难度、提高一般鉴别等刑罚具体功能的发挥上,刑事和解的消极影响仍然存在,努力将这些消极影响控制在合理范围之内将是刑事和解实践中的重点工作。