DELINQUENCY AND GENDER MODERATION IN THE MOVING TO OPPORTUNITY INTERVENTION: THE ROLE OF EXTENDED NEIGHBORHOODS

A long history of research has indicated that neighborhood poverty increases youth's risk taking and delinquency. This literature predominantly has treated neighborhoods as independent of their surroundings despite rapidly growing ecological evidence on the geographic clustering of crime that suggests otherwise. This study proposes that to understand neighborhood effects, investigating youth's wider surroundings holds theoretical and empirical value. By revisiting longitudinal data on more than 1500 low‐income youth who participated in the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized intervention, this article explores the importance of extended neighborhoods (neighborhoods and surroundings) and different concentrated disadvantage configurations in shaping gender differences in risk taking and delinquency. The results from two‐stage, least‐squares analyses suggest that the extended neighborhoods matter and they matter differently by gender. Among girls, extended neighborhoods without concentrated disadvantage were associated with lower risk‐taking prevalence than extended neighborhoods with concentrated disadvantage. In contrast, among boys, localized concentration of disadvantage was associated with the highest prevalence of risk taking and delinquency. Interactions between the immediate and surrounding neighborhoods were similarly associated with differential opportunity and social disorganization mediators. Among the more critical potential mediators of the link between localized disadvantage and boys’ risk taking were delinquent network ties, strain, and perceived absence of legitimate opportunities for success.     

区域法治还是区域法制?——兼与公丕祥教授讨论

区域法治发展的概念忽略了法治与主权的关系,在逻辑上不能自洽,区域的范围也难以准确划定,而且概念内涵也无法与地方法治进行有效区分。目前区域法治的研究带有强烈的问题导向,但无论是发展意义上的区域法治,还是协调意义上的区域法治,抑或是地方法治意义上的区域法治,都没有能够在法学视角下把握区域问题的本质。区域问题集中在区域合作、区域竞争和跨域公共事务治理等三个领域,它表明以地方政府为主体的区域关系事实上已经处于紊乱状态。因此,需要从中央立法、地方联合立法、区域行政和区域纠纷解决等四个方面加快区域法制建设。     

Timing as a source of regulatory influence: A technical elite network analysis of global finance

Rules governing the international financial system are the subject of some of the most intense distributional battles waged in any area of global governance. Who wins and who loses such battles – and why? I develop a novel analytical framework – technical elite network (TEN) theory – which explains the widely varying levels of influence that stakeholders enjoy over global financial standards. TEN theory draws attention to how issue‐specific characteristics of international finance – in particular, its highly technical and complex nature – shape the distributional consequences of global regulatory processes. It posits that such characteristics influence distributional outcomes by (i) affecting who claims first‐mover position and, thus, sets the agenda in global financial rulemaking, and (ii) ensuring that proposals made by first movers are increasingly difficult to alter at later stages of rulemaking. I provide empirical evidence for the theory by examining two regulatory regimes that are central to the efficiency and stability of the global financial system: the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the International Accounting Standards Board.     

我国区际知识产权法律适用

我国目前业已形成“一国四法域”的格局,四法域之间人民的民商事交往日益频繁,而实际上在中国诸法域的经济贸易联系中,知识产权法律关系占很大的比重,对我国区际知识产权法律适用相关问题进行系统的研究有一定的理论价值和实践意义。     

远东纲要实施以来的中俄区域合作

俄罗斯2002年3月开始实施的远东纲要为我国发展同远东地区的经贸合作提供了前提条件。纲要实施两年以来,远东各联邦主体纷纷制定发展战略和采取措施,加速经济与社会的发展,并在大力发展对外关系时,把发展同中国东北边境地区经贸合作列为优先发展方向。这促使该地区与中国北方省份的区域合作出现飞速发展的可喜局面。     

经济全球化与区域经济一体化关系的协调——兼论全球化对东北亚区域经济合作的影响

从20世纪90年代开始,在经济全球化蓬勃发展的同时,区域经济一体化出现了一个新的发展高潮。对于两者的关系,至今仍有“障碍说”和“阶段说”两种不同认识。尽管如此,协调好它们之间的关系对于世界经济发展仍十分重要。对于东北亚,经济全球化的迅速发展既带来了新的动力与机遇,同时也使得东北亚区域合作面临新的挑战与课题。目前,加快东北亚区域经济一体化进程,已成为区内多数国家经济全球化战略的重要步骤与组成部分。     

试析区域范围内的人民币化

亚洲金融危机以来,人民币作为一种重要的结算和支付手段在周边国家和地区越来越被普遍接受和使用,人民币有可能首先在区域范围内形成国际化现象。目前,区域范围内人民币化已经具备了一定的现实基础,但这一过程也充满了不确定性因素,加快金融体系改革和银行体系规范化建设、维持人民币较高的国际信用等有助于推进区域范围内人民币化进程。     

Cross-national comparison of homicide: Age/sex-adjusted rates using the 1980 U.S. homicide experience as a standard

Cross-sectional studies of crime have typically relied on crude crime rates when making comparisons between countries. Crude rates control for population size but implicitly assume that all members of the population are equally at risk. Empirical studies have shown that, cross-nationally, risk varies by age and sex. Standardization of crime rates removes the confounding effects of variable age and sex population distributions. Since age/sex-specific crime rates are generally unavailable for many countries, the method of indirect standardization is the most desirable technique. Age/sex-adjusted homicide rates for 76 countries are presented, and two comparative measures are suggested. It is shown that while the United States has a higher homicide rate than all but 15 countries; in most cases, the magnitude of the difference, not controlling for age/sex differences, is overestimated. Crude rates underestimate differences between the United States and countries with higher rates of homicide.     

THE INTERACTION OF ANTISOCIAL PROPENSITY AND LIFE‐COURSE VARYING PREDICTORS OF DELINQUENT BEHAVIOR: DIFFERENCES BY METHOD OF ESTIMATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY*

Recent criminological research has explored the extent to which stable propensity and life‐course perspectives may be integrated to provide a more comprehensive explanation of variation in individual criminal offending. One line of these integrative efforts focuses on the ways that stable individual characteristics may interact with, or modify, the effects of life‐course varying social factors. Given their consistency with the long‐standing view that person–environment interactions contribute to variation in human social behavior, these theoretical integration attempts have great intuitive appeal. However, a review of past criminological research suggests that conceptual and empirical complexities have, so far, somewhat dampened the development of a coherent theoretical understanding of the nature of interaction effects between stable individual antisocial propensity and time‐varying social variables. In this study, we outline and empirically assess several of the sometimes conflicting hypotheses regarding the ways that antisocial propensity moderates the influence of time‐varying social factors on delinquent offending. Unlike some prior studies, however, we explicitly measure the interactive effects of stable antisocial propensity and time‐varying measures of selected social variables on changes in delinquent offending. In addition, drawing on recent research that suggests that the relative ubiquity of interaction effects in past studies may be partly from the poorly suited application of linear statistical models to delinquency data, we alternatively test our interaction hypotheses using least‐squares and tobit estimation frameworks. Our findings suggest that method of estimation matters, with interaction effects appearing readily in the former but not in the latter. The implications of these findings for future conceptual and empirical work on stable propensity/time‐varying social variable interaction effects are discussed.     

东北振兴过程中的对外开放:中俄合作

《东北地区振兴规划》提出了通过扩大对外开放,加速东北老工业基地振兴。俄罗斯是东北对外开放主要对象国。在东北振兴规划框架下,中俄区域经济合作应该是互动发展、共生发展、和谐发展。充分发挥本区域的经济优势,引进国外的资金和先进技术,提高生产效率,调整产业结构,达到生产要素的国际最佳配置,实现老工业基地的再次辉煌。《规划》初次提出了在理论上要突破以国家为单位的国际区域一体化,而在相邻的两个国家部分地区实行一体化。实践上中俄区域双方的经济合作要达到互动、共生、和谐的发展状态。为此,建议在中俄区域合作中,要把东北作为一个经济体的概念,以区域化打破原有的行政区划。