The Implications of Framing Effects for Citizen Competence

Social scientists have documented framing effects in a wide range of contexts, including surveys, experiments, and actual political campaigns. Many view work on framing effects as evidence of citizen incompetence—that is, evidence that citizens base their preferences on arbitrary information and/or are subject to extensive elite manipulation. Yet, we continue to lack a consensus on what a framing effect is as well as an understanding of how and when framing effects occur. In this article, I examine (1) the different ways that scholars have employed the concepts of framing and framing effects, (2) how framing effects may violate some basic criteria of citizen competence, and (3) what we know about how and when framing effects work. I conclude that while the evidence to date suggests some isolated cases of incompetence, the more general message is that citizens use frames in a competent and well-reasoned manner.     

关于宁夏在区域经济格局中的定位问题

宁夏位于西部经济大区域和黄河经济协作区的交集之中,在这两大经济板块中找到自己的位置十分重要。宁夏应该依托经济发展焕发出来的优势,即流通业内在发展动力强的产业特点,通过大力发展物流业这一新兴产业带动流通业发展,以求二、三产业相互促进,走出自己特色的经济发展之路。     

Regional Corporate Spawning and the Role of Homegrown Companies

This paper presents the results and policy implications of a study that examined the spawning of founders who had previously been employed at large corporations. We found that spawning of founders is positively associated with the parent companies' productivity, innovativeness, and headquarter location. Furthermore, we found that the spin‐off per employee rate is higher in smaller establishments. We also found that the local entrepreneurial culture is significant in explaining local spawning of founders. Finally, we present new empirical evidence on the crucial role of successful homegrown companies in regional cluster development. More specifically, we found that the existence of successful homegrown companies is significantly correlated with the level of the regional entrepreneurial activity. This finding is consistent with the finding of many cluster development case studies. Thus, we argue that successful homegrown companies have a unique role in cluster development. This role can seldom be replaced by nonhomegrown companies. This is related to the notion that prior to the development of an entrepreneurial cluster, some intangible precondition should be realized such as the appearance of local role models and a shift toward a more entrepreneurial culture. In a more general perspective, these results support the notion that knowledge‐based regional development is a complex process that requires a long‐term and continuously adjusting supporting policy rather than being based mainly on attracting established companies' R&D centers to the region.     

The Case for the Development of Public Transit in an Urban Boundary Rural Area

Individuals' preferences for automobiles are often taken for granted in our auto centric society. This study attempts to determine if commuters in a city located beyond the fringe of a metropolitan area are willing to use public transit if it is developed and what are the socioeconomic and attitudinal factors that influence individuals' decision to use such a service. Analyses of survey data reveal that preferences exist for public transit service, which can be partly attributed to individuals' concerns regarding rising gasoline prices and air pollution, and is particularly noticeable among those who are educated and/or belong to a younger age group.     

俄罗斯工会改革的历史与现实：基于社会统合主义的分析

俄罗斯工会在苏联解体之后经历了由计划经济到市场经济的转变,最终形成了社会统合主义的 模式。本研究在梳理俄罗斯工会改革历史的基础上,根据统合主义理论分析了俄罗斯工会在与政府的关系、对 工人利益的代表性和自身行动能力 3 个方面的现实情况。研究认为,俄罗斯工会在改革初期复杂、动荡的政治 经济背景下所追求的自由主义模式受历史因素影响并不成功。改革的转机出现在统一俄罗斯党成立之后,俄罗 斯工会与政府关系迅速改善,并在执政党的同情和支持下提升了自身对工人利益的代表性和行动能力,特别是 运用法律武器的能力。但俄罗斯工会也面临着新就业形式和移民劳工增长的挑战,还需要进一步的改革以适应 劳动力市场的复杂变化。     

区域软实力的概念、要素及评估指标体系

区域软实力在中国受到越来越多的关注,不少学者对其概念、涵盖的要素及评估指标进行了探讨。文章认为,区域软实力是指在一个国家内一个区域可用以动员区内外的资源来实现其经济、社会、文化等全面发展的非物质力量。其构成要素主要有:政府管理和服务、区域文化、人力素质、区域形象和生活环境。为此,应构建由三级指标构成的区域软实力评估体系。     

优质旅游有效供给因素对我国旅游产业效率的影响及区域差异

优质旅游是新时代我国旅游产业发展的必然选择。通过采用三阶段DEA模型等方法,从支撑因素、产业发展及消费需求三个维度构建优质旅游有效供给的环境变量,并采用面板数据实证分析了优质旅游有效供给因素对我国旅游产业效率的影响与区域发展差异。研究结果表明,优质旅游有效供给环境变量对我国旅游产业效率影响显著,其中支撑因素水平和旅游消费水平促进效率提升,产业发展在一定程度上抑制效率增长;目前我国优质旅游有效供给总体水平不高,且不同区域及省份之间表现出一定差异。因此,应通过进一步优化支撑要素水平、建立旅游投资总量调控及质量监督机制、制定积极的消费引导政策、缩小区域差距等,促进产业效率改进,提高优质旅游有效供给总体水平。     

Uneven local implementation of federal policy after disaster: Policy conflict and goal ambiguity

As climate change continues to increase both the frequency and intensity of environmental hazards and disasters, the need for a cohesive national mitigation policy grows. As the environmental federalism scholarship indicates, the inherent tension in federal, state, and local policy implementation highlights that despite a national need, environmental quality is a local public good. To complicate matters, there is disagreement about the optimal level of decision-making regarding the adoption and implementation of environmental policy. This study addresses this gap by considering the role of policy ambiguity and conflict in policy implementation. The analysis relies on primary qualitative data collected from open-ended interviews with 22 local government officials in 12 municipalities following Hurricane Harvey. Through the lens of policy ambiguity and conflict, we find confirmatory support for the idea that policies with less ambiguous goals are more likely to be implemented. Furthermore, we find that policy conflict arises when local governments perceive there is little for the community to gain by implementing the federal program. Thus, the level of protection afforded to citizens varies greatly between communities and is influenced heavily by politics. This research supports the Ambiguity-Conflict Model of policy implementation, an oft-cited but rarely tested theoretical framework for assessing the intergovernmental politics of policy implementation. It also demonstrates the barriers to local implementation of federal environmental policy in a nested system of government.     

How governance boundaries affect regional collaboration on atmospheric governance—Evidence from China's Yangtze River Delta

Regional public affairs will become more complex when contradictions emerge between administrative boundaries and policy issues that require cross-boundary collaboration. Breaking administrative boundaries has become a prerequisite for facilitating inter-local government collaboration. This study categorizes governance boundaries into the administrative boundary and the ecology-based policy boundary and then examines how these two governance boundaries and their interactive relationship contribute to the intergovernmental collaboration network in China's regional atmospheric governance (RAG). Using data on the atmospheric governance collaboration from 30 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2013 to 2018, we employ the MR-QAP model to find that cities within the same administrative boundary are more likely to collaborate and cities within the ecology-based policy boundary, compared with those beyond, are more likely to collaborate but with a lagging effect. Ecology-based policy boundary has a positive but lagging moderating effect on the contribution of the administrative boundary to the formation of intergovernmental collaboration networks.     

长吉图先导区:探索沿边地区开发开放的新模式

国务院批准长吉图开发开放先导区,既是我国参与东北亚区域合作和进一步促进东北老工业基地振兴的新举措,同时也是我国创新沿边地区开发开放模式的新探索。从开发模式方面看,此举是将以往以边境城市为核心的据点式开发转变为沿边地区与内陆腹地的联动式开发的新探索;从开发内容方面看,此举是将以往以发展口岸经济为主转变为以产业综合开发和优化空间布局为主的新探索;从区域合作方面看,此举是将以往重点参与和推动国际合作转变为统筹国内与国际合作的新探索;从国际协调机制方面看,此举是将以往以地方合作为主转变为构建多层次合作平台的新探索。