区域环境颗粒物污染特征研究

通过对北京经济技术开发区开展的大气环境和污染源监测,研究区域环境空气中颗粒物污染特征。根据不同功能区PM10(可吸入颗粒物)浓度空间分布特征和累积效应,表明区内道路扬尘和施工扬尘是该区域大气颗粒物的主要污染源。根据对道路边界的降尘监测,表明施工工地对道路扬尘的影响非常大。对于处于建设发展期的区域,加强施工扬尘和道路扬尘控制是保证空气质量的重要措施。     

欧盟与中国的软实力对地区和全球治理的影响

本文讨论了欧洲和中国软实力政治对于东亚地区治理过程以及全球治理的影响。文中笔者重点讨论了欧盟及美国对东亚地区特别是对中国政策的特点;指出了二者的区别所在,及其对东亚地区化进程以及东亚地区发展带来的不同影响。通过比较,说明软实力对于地区治理及全球治理将产生深远影响。     

非公有制经济发展与海峡西岸经济区建设

非公有制经济是建设海峡西岸经济区发展战略的生力军。当务之急要认真贯彻国务院关于鼓励支持和引导非公有制经济发展的政策,结合福建非公有制经济和对台优势,对内进一步放开,从立法、政策和制度上给非公有制经济的快速发展创造一个更加宽松、公平的环境,同时,进一步推动闽台区域经济合作,充分发挥非公有制经济在建设海峡西岸经济区过程中的重要作用。     

论“附保护第三人作用的契约”

自德国产生“附保护第三人作用的契约”以来,其在德国的判例与学说中不断发展、繁荣。我国现也有不少学者在对其加以研究。其中最困难之处在于如何解释“附保护第三人作用的契约”与“债权相对性”之矛盾。笔者从契约效力根源的角度提出“系统契约论”,解释了“附保护第三人作用的契约”之理论根基,认为我国应引进此制度,并将其继续应用到“附保护第三人作用的契约”的构成要件、法律效果、与侵权法之边界等问题,也附带地以“系统契约论”解释了契约法上之其他问题。     

区域物流系统的特征及其与区域经济系统的关系

区域物流系统是区域经济大系统中的一个子系统。它是大跨度、多目标、动态性、复杂性的人-机系统。区域物流系统的建立既要考虑其宏观经济效益,也要考虑其本身的微观经济效益。区域物流的存在和发展以区域经济的存在和发展为前提,区域经济作为一个区域中包括物流活动在内的各种经济活动的总和,对区域物流具有决定作用。     

西电东送的区域能源效应分析

西电东送有利于国家范围的资源优化配置,有利于开发西部。西电东送工程的成效,一方面取决于输入地内在的长期能源消费变动趋向,另一方面取决于其他能源,尤其是石油价格的未来变动走向,以及电力部门相应的定价策略。     

WTO法律适用问题刍议

中国加入世贸组织 ,必然会产生WTO法的国内适用问题。依据国际法与国内法关系的一般原理 ,WTO法具有优先于我国国内法的效力 ,国内法不得与之相抵触。因此必须排除当前国际法适用中的某些障碍 ,从立法、行政和司法角度积极创造条件 ,为我国在WTO法构建的“游戏规则”中成为真正的赢家奠定基础。     

论中国区际法律冲突

当前,中国各法域之间的法律冲突应属于区际法律冲突,结合其特点,用实体法规则方法与冲突法规则方法解决中国区际法律冲突各有其利弊和可能性,但中国目前应由各个法域自行制定各自的区际冲突法规则。     

To Give or Not to Give: Modeling Individuals' Contribution Decisions

Employing data from a recent national survey on campaign finance, we examine the contribution behavior of individual citizens in the 2000 election. By disaggregating types of contributions, our model enables us to observe potential heterogeneity in the determinants of giving money to parties and candidates. We find that for both types of contributions, the effects of informational resources and solicitation on the decision to contribute outweigh those of financial resources. In addition, we propose both a theoretical and an empirical distinction between the selection effects of solicitation and the stimulus effects of solicitation. By distinguishing between these dual dimensions of solicitation, our analysis provides new insight into the causal linkages between income, solicitation, and contributions. We find that while solicitation increases the likelihood of contributing through selective targeting or rational prospecting, it also does so through a stimulus mechanism.     

Assessing Stability and Change in Criminal Offending: A Comparison of Random Effects, Semiparametric, and Fixed Effects Modeling Strategies

An important theoretical problem for criminologists is an explanation forthe robust positive correlation between prior and future criminaloffending. Nagin and Paternoster (1991) have suggested that the correlationcould be due to time-stable population differences in the underlyingproneness to commit crimes (population heterogeneity) and/or thecriminogenic effect that crime has on social bonds, conventionalattachments, and the like (state dependence). Because of data andmeasurement limitations, the disentangling of population heterogeneityand state dependence requires that researchers control for unmeasuredpersistent heterogeneity. Frequently, random effects probit models havebeen employed, which, while user-friendly, make a strong parametricassumption that the unobserved heterogeneity in the population follows anormal distribution. Although semiparametric alternatives to the randomeffects probit model have recently appeared in the literature to avoid thisproblem, in this paper we return to reconsider the fully parametric model. Viasimulation evidence, we first show that the random effects probit modelproduces biased estimates as the departure of heterogeneity from normalitybecomes more substantial. Using the 1958 Philadelphia cohort data, we thencompare the results from a random effects probit model with a semiparametricprobit model and a fixed effects logit model that makes no assumptions aboutthe distribution of unobserved heterogeneity. We found that with this dataset all three models converged on the same substantive result—evenafter controlling for unobserved persistent heterogeneity, with models thattreat the unobserved heterogeneity very differently, prior conduct had apronounced effect on subsequent offending. These results are inconsistentwith a model that attributes all of the positive correlation between priorand future offending to differences in criminal propensity. Sinceresearchers will often be completely blind with respect to the tenabilityof the normality assumption, we conclude that different estimationstrategies should be brought to bear on the data.