THE PRAGMATIC AMERICAN: EMPIRICAL REALITY OR METHODOLOGICAL ARTIFACT?

Scholars widely agree that the public is pragmatic about criminal justice. The empirical basis for this conclusion is the failure in several previous studies to find a sizable negative relationship between dispositional and situational crime attributions, or between support for punitive and rehabilitative crime policies. We suggest, however, that public pragmatism may be an artifact of the use of unidirectional question batteries in prior research to measure attribution styles and policy support. When such questions are used, acquiescent responding can introduce systematic error that is positively correlated across items and scales. Drawing on data from an experiment with a national sample (N = 826) of Internet panelists, we examine how this methodological approach impacts the bivariate correlations and multivariate relationships between attribution styles and between support for punitive and rehabilitative crime policies. The findings reveal that using unidirectional sets of questions to measure these concepts likely results in 1) inflated alpha reliability coefficients, 2) an underestimation of the magnitude of the negative relationships between attribution styles and between punitiveness and support for rehabilitation, and 3) an underestimation of the extent to which punitiveness and support for rehabilitation are driven by the same factors, working in opposite directions.     

走出罪犯改造理论的“围城”——吴宗宪教授“罪犯改造的犯因性差异理论”述评

犯因性差异理论认为,犯罪是犯罪人存在犯因性差异的结果。这种理论指向具体的个体犯罪行为,而非整个社会的犯罪现象。它的基本内容包括犯因性互动观点和犯因性差异观点。犯因性差异理论的理论体系,不仅形成了具有自身特质的理论形态,而且以"犯因性"为核心,形成了这一理论特有的专业术语群,充分体现出了这一理论的自身特色。依据这一理论,将罪犯改造成为"守法公民"中的普通大众是合理目标,根据这个目标定位,在罪犯改造工作中,要努力把罪犯改造成为普通的守法公民。     

香港地区精神科中途宿舍服务及其对内地的启示

精神科中途宿舍是为精神病康复者提供的过渡性住宿服务，能帮助其通过住宿服务里的社区生活训练恢复正常生活，从而成功融入社会，是实现社区精神康复的一种新形式服务供给。文章介绍了香港地区精神科中途宿舍的发展历程及服务现状，指出其在政策、组织、理念等方面的经验优势，以及在离舍情况、专业人力、职业康复训练等方面面临的现实挑战。最后，基于香港精神科中途宿舍服务经验反思基础之上，从政策保障、组织培育、队伍建设、具体服务等方面对内地精神科中途宿舍发展提出了相关建议。     

戒毒康复专业办学的思考

本文对戒毒康复专业办学前景、办学思想、办学条件和专业招生与就业等问题进行了反思，认为戒毒康复专业办学有需求，有难度，只要我们脚踏实地办学，办出质量，办出水平，则本专业办学前景将十分广阔。     

Psychosocial influences that motivate young offenders to engage in a non-custodial community intervention

Offender programmes do not fully consider how psychosocial factors influence individual engagement within interventions. While factors associated with offending behaviour are well-known, their influence on motivational engagement is not clear. The present study of 109 adolescent offenders in a non-custodial community intervention explored the influence of aggression, antisocial behaviour in the community, problematic and disruptive behaviour in school, and parental bonding and self-esteem on reported motivation to engage with a non-custodial intervention. Regression and correlational analysis revealed relationships between these variables and four subtypes of motivation (i.e. intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, identified regulation and amotivation), although results in respect of self-esteem were mixed. The findings highlight the multidimensional and complex nature of motivation, and support the need to internalise extrinsic motivations through the promotion of self-autonomy and competence within intervention programmes in order to maximise engagement.     

中国合作社立法——向着本来意义的合作社回归

改革开放30年是中国合作社由集体所有制经济组织向着本来意义的合作社开始回归的30年,是中国的合作社立法逐步回归本来意义的合作社的30年。上世纪80年代初—90年代初,合作社改革起步,合作社立法试图走出集体所有制的误区;上世纪90年代初—本世纪初,合作社获得初步发展,立法开始向本来意义的合作社回归;本世纪初至今,农民专业合作社迅速发展,合作社立法初步回归到本来意义的合作社。未来合作社立法将在回归的路上继续走下去。     

土地整治工作促进美丽中国建设

土地整治工作从提高节约用地水平、优化农田生态景观、提升人居环境质量和改善生态环境质量等方面,促进了生态文明建设。“十八大”对加快推进生态文明建设提出了任务要求,土地整治工作应该通过调整区域土地利用格局、推动土地利用方式转型、修复受损自然生态系统和优化生产生活生态空间等,在促进生态文明建设中发挥更加重要的作用。土地整治工作需要围绕美丽中国建设目标,加快实现向国土综合整治的转型跨越,并且通过组织编制国土整治规划、建立部门联动机制和加强理论方法研究等推进国土综合整治。     

劳动教养社区矫正化的前提

我国劳动教养制度从1957年创建到今天已走过50年的风雨历程。从我国实施依法治国方略以来,劳动教养屡遭非议,废除之声不绝于耳。劳动教养该何去何从?本文作者的基本观点是,劳动教养制度改造之路比完全废除更具操作性。对劳动教养对象进行分流,不同的人群采取不同的处理手段或许是目前较好的方案。     

略论毛泽东的农民利益思想

毛泽东认为农民问题是中国革命与建设的根本问题 ,毕生致力于实现农民的利益 ,一方面重视和支持农业 ,确立农业在国民经济中的基础性地位 ,引导和帮助农民发展生产 ,一方面减轻、限制农民负担而使民不伤 ,赋税取之有度 ,这是毛泽东农民利益思想的基本内容。     

The Importance of Ecological Context for Correctional Rehabilitation Programs: Understanding the Micro- and Macro-Level Dimensions of Successful Offender Treatment

The resurgence of support for offender rehabilitation has led to an increased emphasis on correctional program integrity. Treatment programs are now being evaluated and tailored in accordance with the principles of effective intervention, which are rooted primarily in methods of individual behavior modification through a social learning approach. The problem with this exclusive focus on the individual is that it fails to recognize the importance of certain ecological factors that have been shown to be significant predictors of recidivism. The purpose of the current research, therefore, is to examine the impact of structural characteristics on both treatment program quality and effectiveness of halfway house programs in Ohio. Our results reveal that ecological context influences the magnitude of program treatment effects largely indirectly though its influence on program quality. The implications of these findings for correctional theory and practice are discussed.