Towards a sustainable model of urban and architectonic integral rehabilitation in Malaga （Spain）

In the third quarter of last century, Malaga experienced a period of important residential growth that produced the construction of great commuter suburbs, in promotions of collective housing in opened block, forming an urban aggregate without any other relation than the juxtaposition of independent pieces. The population that initially occupied these districts came from the countryside, as time went by, this population has been improving economically, notwithstanding this was not reflected in the improvement of the urban surroundings. The architectonic and city-planning characteristics of its conception： precarious constructions without improvement due to the disadvantages of the horizontal property, a public space wrongly defined and invaded by the parking area, deficit of equipment. This situation has favored the departure of a part of the original population and the arrival of another one with greater economic difficulties and important social differences in relation to the first. In some cities, this situation has caused important problems of marginalization and confrontation. Apart from the economic and cultural problems, the total deterioration of the housing, the bad quality of the urban space and the lack of consideration of the new necessities of the residents are factors that have negatively affected these districts.     

宽严相济刑事政策在英国社区刑中的体现

英国社区刑包含种类较多，使用广泛，在刑罚体系中占有重要地位。为了有效地惩罚和矫正罪犯，具有宽严相济性质的刑事政策一直倍受重视。本文通过简述英国刑罚的目的和种类，讨论社区刑中的主要六种刑罚，力图展示宽严相济刑事政策在英国社区刑中的影响和作用。     

Improving impact evaluations through randomised experiments: The challenge of the National Research Council report for European criminology

The National Research Council (NRC) report on Improving Evaluation of Anticrime Programs presents and discusses a wide array of techniques of evaluation. Although recognising the very high internal validity of randomised experiments, it considers, under certain conditions, quasi-experiments and observational studies as equally valid approaches. This conclusion is critically reviewed from a European perspective, where only a few randomised trials have been realised so far. It is argued that many critiques routinely addressed to randomised experiments, such as ethical concerns or low acceptance among practitioners, are either unfounded or can be adequately dealt with through imaginative adjustments. On the other hand, randomised controlled trials need to take the challenge of broadening the perspective, especially by looking at long-term effects that no other method can consider with comparable internal validity. Other recommendations include using innovative measures of re-offending, considering dynamic rather than static criteria of re-offending, and looking, beyond re-offending, at rehabilitation in other areas of life. Particular challenges are the possible placebo effects that evaluators in criminal justice have not yet found appropriate ways to deal with.

腰椎间盘突出症综合康复治疗初探

将80例腰椎间盘突出症患者分别用传统康复和综合康复手段进行治疗，并作疗效及治疗时间观察对照，结果表明两种方法在疗效和治疗时间上后者均优于前者。     

针刺"开瘖五穴"结合语言康复训练治疗缺血性脑卒中后运动性失语临床观察

目的 观察针刺“开瘖五穴”结合语言康复训练治疗缺血性脑卒中后运动性失语的临床疗效。方法 将60例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用“开瘖五穴”针刺法结合语言康复训练,对照组采用传统针刺法结合语言康复训练。7 d为1个疗程,治疗3个疗程后,采用汉语失语症检查法（ABC法）评价患者的语言功能,采用中国式功能性语言沟通能力检测法（Chinese functional communication profile,CFCP）评价患者的语言沟通能力,基于汉语失语症检查法（ABC法）评分改善率判定临床疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后各项语言功能评分和CFCP评分均显著升高（P＜0.05）,且治疗组治疗后口语表达评分和听理解评分升高值显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组临床疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 针刺“开瘖五穴”结合语言康复训练治疗缺血性脑卒中后运动性失语的临床疗效与传统针刺相当,均能改善患者语言能力。     

浅议劳动教养社区矫正制度的建立

随着《违法行为矫治法》的即将出台,劳动教养将走向违法行为矫治,建立劳动教养社区矫正制度势在必行。当前,我国建立劳动教养社区矫正制度不仅非常必要而且也具有一定的可行性。因此,应当采取多种措施促使此项制度的建立和完善。     

光复初期台湾善后救济分署业务经费问题之探析

台湾光复后,国民政府行政院善后救济总署台湾分署成立,负责台湾地区相关的善后救济工作.1945年11月-1947年5月,台湾分署利用联合国提供的各类物资,广泛开展善后救济工作.不过,由于国民政府财政紧张,无法从财政预算中保证各地区善后救济的专项拨款,台湾分署陷入经费紧张的困境.为了解决业务经费问题,台湾分署不得不大量平售善后救济物资,但联合国善后救济总署驻台人员从赈济立场出发,对分署平售物资提出各种异议,双方产生争执.从台湾分署业务经费的紧张状况、解决途径以及由此衍生的问题,可以看出光复初期台湾善后救济业务开展的艰辛,也为全面评价台湾善后救济分署的工作,提供了重要的参考.     

LESSENING THE STING OF ASFA: THE REHABILITATION‐RELAPSE DILEMMA BROUGHT ABOUT BY DRUG ADDICTION AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS

Congress passed the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) as a response to children waiting in foster homes for years without permanent placement. In addressing the problem of permanency, however, Congress set a strict limit on how long a child could be in foster care (15 out of the most recent 22 months) before a state must either commence a proceeding to terminate parental rights or else lose valuable federal funding. Due to health care funding schemes and quality of treatment, this requirement, in particular, negatively impacts parents currently in drug rehabilitation whose parental rights may be permanently terminated before a realistic chance to recover is permitted. Although ASFA requires that states make “reasonable efforts” to keep families united, it does not define “reasonable efforts,” leaving parental rights and family unity subject to a chaotic interpretation of this requirement from state to state. “Reasonable efforts” should be interpreted to take into account current drug addiction and recovery research and drug court programs should be used to facilitate this goal. Research has shown that focusing on adequate treatment saves states money and improves the lives of children and their families, reducing the need for reliance on termination of parental rights.     

法国“精神卫生分区化治疗模式”的发展与启示

基于我国目前社区精神病学的发展需要，文章以欧洲精神病学发展史为背景探讨“法国精神卫生分区化治疗模式”得以实现的历史条件及过程。我们认为精神病学在19世纪中叶以后的新发展，即二战后改革派精神病科医生基于圣 阿尔拜精神病院的成功经验而构建的“组织性精神疗法”为该模式的实现提供了科学技术支撑，同时，年轻的精神病科医生们为推广“组织性精神疗法”而做出的政治宣传、教育培训活动则为该治疗模式的实现获得了有利的社会政治资源。文末，我们对法国目前“精神卫生分区化治疗模式”具体架构及运行情况做了介绍并总结评论其对我国社区精神卫生工作的启示。