Limits of tolerance under pressure: a case study of Dutch terrorist detention policy

Policy-makers who are confronted with the potential spread of violent extremist ideologies among prison inmates are challenged to design sustainable prison regimes which are suitable to counter prison radicalisation whilst rehabilitating and reintegrating inmates into society. This article outlines a theoretical framework that explains how uncertainty and pressure in the policy-making context heightens the need for structure that induces a shift towards intolerance and stereotypic black-and-white thinking, which leads to the introduction of unbalanced, one-sided prison regimes. We argue that in the long run, these prison regimes are likely to be self-undermining and unsustainable because they undermine long-term security objectives and cause undesired side effects. These propositions are illustrated by an in-depth case study of the Dutch terrorist detention policy.     

本体与属性:改造刑的向度

改造刑作为中国60多年的刑罚执行的经验性本体,既在功能又在目的意义上成立,与矫正刑在哲学基础、客体、目标及属性上都有不同。改造刑的哲学基础为人是可以改造的认识论,改造的客体为罪犯的违法犯罪意识、心理、行为及思想,改造的目标应定位于使罪犯顺利重返社会,改造的属性为监狱次生机能。     

论强戒所和谐“警戒关系”之构建——以安徽省戒毒系统为视阈

强制隔离戒毒所(以下简称强戒所)的戒毒优势主要体现在,能给强戒人员提供了一个无毒环境,同时能采取各种措施帮助他们从生理、心理、意志等方面解除毒瘾。我国的强戒所由于转型期普遍较短,多数民警的执法思维和执法方式都还残留着管理劳教人员的痕迹。在强戒所,"警戒关系"是主导并制约戒治效果的一个重要因素。"警戒关系"不和谐,既是场所各类事故发生的导火线,也会严重影响到戒治工作的成效。因此,对转型后的强戒所而言,探索并构建和谐的"警戒关系"十分重要,也十分迫切。     

吸毒人员的长效管理机制的探讨——基于湖北邓林劳教所调查分析

吸食毒品不仅严重影响了我国国民素质的提高,而且给家庭,社会也带来了许多不稳定的因素。为此,我国相继出台了多种法律从贩毒、运毒、卖毒、吸毒等一系列环节有效制约了毒品对我国的危害。在对毒品流通环节展开有效、有力打击的同时,也应该对戒毒人员管理机构进行优化,对吸毒人员进行教育,对吸毒者及家庭采取扶住措施,这样才能从根本上解决问题。     

Challenging the ‘urban myth’ of psychopathy untreatability: the High-Risk Personality Programme

Psychopathy has long been framed as a special challenge in criminal justice contexts, in part due to the supposedly untreatable nature of psychopathic offenders. Indeed, previous failed attempts to ‘treat’ this particular group have resulted in a widespread pessimism about treatment efficacy amongst correctional professionals. This pessimism has focused on the inherent unchangeable nature of psychopathic traits, especially those associated with Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) Factor 1 items and the challenge of developing an effective therapeutic alliance with hostile, manipulative offenders. It is argued that this negative stance is neither unanimous nor justified because of poor consistency of population definition and methodological problems with structural and functional attributes of traditional treatment approaches. This article describes an experimental intervention – the High-Risk Personality Programme (HRPP) – a New Zealand prison-based group intensive treatment programme designed to reduce violence with a psychopathic group, and create opportunities to devise rehabilitative solutions with a challenging group.     

Accumulating meaning,purpose and opportunities to change ‘drip by drip’: the impact of being a listener in prison

Established in 1991, the Listener scheme, regulated by the Samaritans, is currently the best-established peer support scheme in place to help reduce suicide in prisons. Each prison Listener team is comprised of a group of inmate volunteers who provide face-to-face emotional support to their peers. Although the scheme has been in operation for over 20 years, empirical research on the scheme is limited. A deeper understanding of how being a Listener affects prisoners' attitudes, beliefs, emotions and experiences of imprisonment is needed. The present study is a qualitative analysis on the experience of being a Listener and the impact it has on individuals and their prison experience. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The analysis revealed two main superordinate themes: ‘Listening and Personal Transformation’ and ‘Countering Negative Prison Emotions’. These themes are unpacked and the analysis focuses on their implications for desistance and offender reform. Results suggest that prisoners who adopt Listener roles experience profound internal changes, shifts in self-identity and gain meaning and purpose from prison. Implications for how such schemes may be utilised in the future and suggestions for further research are offered.     

Those Who Remain

ABSTRACT

Kashmiri Pandits are a minority ethnic group from the Kashmir Valley in northern India. In 1989, the separatist movement to free Kashmir from India culminated in widespread violence against members of all communities, and initially against Kashmiri Pandits in particular. There was a mass exodus of nearly 95% of the Kashmiri Pandit community during the early 1990s. Sixteen years later, there are approximately 7,000 Kashmiri Pandits who permanently reside in Kashmir. These “non-migrants” have remained in Kashmir due to economic constraints, familial circumstances, and/or a deep attachment to the land, to name a few reasons. They face grave problems today, including lack of employment opportunities, government corruption and complacency, and inadequate monetary and moral support from the Kashmiri Pandit Diaspora.     

Positive criminology and imprisoned sex offenders: Demonstration of a way out from a criminal spin through acceptance relationships

Abstract

The purpose of this qualitative research was to examine the change process experienced by imprisoned sex offenders during incarceration from the standpoint of emerging positive criminology perspective. The participants were 38 males incarcerated in two prisons in Israel who had been convicted of various sexual offences. The participants underwent individual in-depth, face-to-face interviews, lasting several hours each. Initially, the findings suggested a tendency for offences to escalate over time, referred to as a “criminal spin”, which can be stopped only by external intervention. Most of the participants also reported that they experienced positive changes during the current imprisonment, associated with broad support received from various sources. This suggests a possible way out of the criminal spin by exposing offenders to the human and social acceptance of meaningful agents, thus supporting the positive criminology perspective. In addition to their theoretical contribution, the findings have practical implications for the assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of sex offenders.     

Keywords revisited: The present as history

The Partition of India (1947) is commonly understood as a violent territorial and political separation of peoples, their forced evictions and migration as well as communal upheavals. But India's Partition can be seen as something more than separation of communities and the creation of distinct national identities. This paper suggests that refugee rehabilitation, one of the important processes of the post-Partition years, formed the rubric through which we remember 1947. Rehabilitation and resettlement of refugees formed the narrativizing principle of a number of novels that were written in the 1960s and 1970s in Bengal that deliberately looked at the fall-outs of the Partition other than communal tensions and migrations. Rehabilitation created a different experiential reality for a large number of refugees, and issues of home, settlement, livelihood, and work created a new body of literature that re-looked at Partition in important ways. In the course of this paper I examine some such novels in Bangla; one of which, Shaktipada Rajguru's Dandak Theke Marichjhapi (From Dandakaranya to Marichjhapi), is the story of a group of refugees’ journey to Dandakarnaya and then onto Marichjhapi in the Sunderbans that probes the circumstances behind one of Partition's most forgotten histories.     

益气温阳康复法辅治2型糖尿病30例

目的：观察益气温阳康复法辅助药物治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效。方法：60例患随机分为2组，治疗组30例，配合消渴丸选取相关的穴位进行补法针刺，温针灸及推拿治疗，3周为1疗程，对照组30例，单独应用消渴丸，服法及疗程同治疗组，结果：治疗组总有效率为90％，对照组总有效率为70％（P＜0．01）。治疗组与对照组比较，治疗后气虚，阳虚症状的复常率显提高（P＜0．05），两组在降低血糖及糖化血红蛋白方面无显差异（P＞0．05），结论：益气温阳康复法对药物治疗2型糖尿病有明显的辅助作用。