矫正社会化的国外实践及其启示

以人为本是当今社会活动的主题和价值追求,矫正社会化充分体现了以人为本的矫正理念和社会发展趋势。美国、日本和澳大利亚等国是矫正社会化发展较为先进的国家,其社会服务制度、社区矫正制度、更生紧急保护制度等值得我们学习和借鉴。我国需制定《社区矫正法》及相关制度,加强全社会对矫正社会化的参与程度,充分保障犯罪者合法权益,以使其早日回归社会。     

Race,reintegration, and social capital in Singapore

Social capital, or the lack of, has variously been acknowledged as contributing to criminal and delinquent behavior among certain groups in society. It has rarely been employed to explain why ex-offenders are unable to break free from recalcitrant behavior and reintegrate into society. We argue that Indians and Malays, as racial minorities in Singapore and disproportionately represented in the prison and re-offending population, are significantly less likely to achieve reintegration than those who belong to the Chinese majority. Because Singapore is a highly racialized society, the effect of race on recidivism and rehabilitation is clearly identifiable. Understanding racial structuration by taking into account the differential impact of a hierarchically organized network of social relationships is central to this argument. For such vulnerable groups, social capital plays a critical role. The uneven distribution of ethnic capital restricts the ability of the Indians and Malays and enables the Chinese to achieve acceptance into the mainstream.