Automated SEM/EDS Analysis of Airbag Residue. II: Airbag Residue as a Source of Percussion Primer Residue Particles

Abstract:  Automated scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy has been used to analyze airbag residue particles. Analysis of airbag residue from some passenger side airbags revealed some residue particles which are consistent with gunshot residue (GSR) samples. The source of these particles was determined to be percussion primers used to initiate the chemical reaction for deployment. This article identifies some vehicles which contain this type of airbag and demonstrates the types of particles which could be misidentified as being GSR. The low numbers of GSR particles in among the large particle populations of zirconium and/or copper–cobalt particles, which are clearly airbag residue, allow the trained analysts to distinguish the correct source of this residue. Particles containing high aluminum levels, elevated levels of allowable elements in GSR particles, or the presence of elements that are rare in GSR particles stand out as indications that the particles are not GSR in origin. This study serves as a guide to analysts who perform particle analysis in forensic investigations.     

震后日本能源战略调整及其对我国能源安全的影响

东日本大地震、大海啸引发的日本核事故,对日本的核电事业乃至全球的核电事业造成巨大冲击,对我国能源安全也提出新的挑战。中日两国都是能源消费大国,在能源领域既有合作也有竞争。日本拥有世界一流的节能技术和新能源开发技术,还拥有包括能源储备等在内的保障能源安全的丰富经验,加强中日之间多种形式的能源合作对破解我国能源安全瓶颈具有重要意义。     

卢武铉的“能源外交”及启示

韩国能源消耗巨大,但国内资源匮乏。其经济发展需要的能源严重依赖进口,解决能源短缺问题成为韩国历届政府面临的重大挑战。卢武铉上台以后,中东局势动荡不安,国际能源竞争愈演愈烈。因而,卢武铉政府高度重视“能源外交”,即继续保障中东石油的稳定供给,同时展开与哈萨克斯坦、俄罗斯以及东南亚、南美等地区产油国的能源合作,鼓励国内企业参与这些国家和地区的能源开发。随着我国经济的发展,能源形势日趋严峻,借鉴卢武铉政府的经验,我国的“能源外交”应从实施能源进口多元化战略、与世界能源生产国建立长期稳定的贸易伙伴关系、积极参与国外能源开发、加强国际能源合作等方面展开。     

天然气水合物—21世纪新能源

天然气水合物俗称"可燃冰",是一种具有巨大潜能的新型非常规能源资源.据科学家预测,它在自然界中的储量约为石油、煤炭、天然气总和的2倍.文中介绍了天然气水合物的储藏、科学研究情况及其作为一种新能源的优越性.     

俄罗斯石油、天然气工业与中俄能源合作

俄罗斯石油储量占世界总储量的13%,天然气占34%,石油和天然气已成为俄罗斯重要出口换汇产品。苏联解体后,由于投资下降、设备老化、运输成本及国内税率大大高于国际市场等特点,石油、天然气工业面临着严重的困难。引入外资,加强中俄能源合作是俄能源工业发展的重要途径,这也将有助于俄罗斯经济的发展,加快俄罗斯振兴的步伐。随着中国经济的发展,我国石油年均进口递增34%,中俄能源合作将为中国未来的能源安全供给提供可靠保证。     

试析中国与中亚国家的能源合作

中亚因其独特的地缘位置和丰富的油气资源而成为世界大国博弈的重要目标。中国与中亚国家开展能源合作具有得天独厚的便利条件，也面临一系列挑战。这要求我们必须未雨绸缪，积极对中国与中亚国家的能源合作进行战略规划。     

Exposures to Conducted Electrical Weapons (Including TASER® Devices): How Many and for How Long are Acceptable?

TASER^® conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) are an important law-enforcement tool. The purposes of this study are a) to review recent literature regarding potential pathophysiological responses to applications of CEWs, and other related issues and b) to evaluate whether enough data exist to determine the acceptability of longer-duration (or repeated) exposures. This is a narrative review, using a multidisciplinary approach of analyzing reports from physiological, legal-medical, and police-strategy literature sources. In general, short-duration exposures to CEWs result in limited effects. Longer-duration or repeated exposures may be utilized with caution, although there are currently not enough data to determine the acceptability of all types of exposures. Data examined in the literature have inherent limitations. Appropriateness of specific types of CEW usage may be determined by individual police agencies, applying risk/benefit analyses unique to each organization. While more research is recommended, initial concepts of potential future long-duration or repeated CEW applications are presented.     

Comparative Analysis of Sweden’s Wind Energy Policy: The Evolution of “Coordinated” Networks

Abstract

In search of an appropriate institutional structure for successful environmental policy, many researchers focus on network governance. And while it provides the flexibility and adaptability needed for climate change initiatives, the paper argues that many networks collaborate too loosely to have the capacity to reach strategic goals or mobilize local players. There is often a disconnect between national policy goals and on-the-ground dynamics. Instead, government should adopt a network perspective which does not eliminate state action, but involves network management institutions at arm’s length of government. As an example for this mode of network governance, the research looks at the Swedish “National Network for Wind Power”, which was initiated by government and is now led by four wind coordinators managing the development of on- and off-shore wind electricity. The paper compares Swedish performance before and after the introduction of the wind network and shows how these government efforts have transformed Sweden from a weak performer to being a frontrunner in Europe.     

培育居民消费能量 做大经济发展正力

消费对经济发展具有极其重要的作用。要发挥消费对经济发展的正力,需要积极培育居民的消费能量,这正是拉动内需、启动消费的关键所在。基于居民消费影响因素的实证检验,得出居民收入状况是居民消费能量得以释放最大的制约因素。只有增加居民收入,藏富于民,做好社会保障等工作,才能培育居民的消费能量,做大经济发展的正力。