Karl Marx and the economics of communism: anniversary recollections

This paper grew out of the author's Karl Marx studies and his practical knowledge of Soviet-type communist economies. It covers a broad spectrum of ideas and practices prevalent in those economies, which— rightly or wrongly—have become associated with Marx's teaching and predictions. Chapter I tries to explain the reasons for Marx's continuous popularity. Chapter II critically examines the validity of the claim about Marxian socialism being “scientific” as opposed to “utopian”. The article, especially in chapter III elaborates on a number of other Marxian ideas, like that of the so-called “anarchy of the market”, which for many decades exerted a negative influence on his followers—theoreticians and practitioners engaged in building what they believed to be a communist economy and society. One of the quintessential features of Marx's teaching, which he took over from Smith and Ricardo, was the labor theory of value and the “law of value” in particular. The latter, interpreted by Stalin as “the law of value under socialism”, was used by him for ideological and propaganda purposes, but after his death has in turn been utilized by Marxists, non-Marxists and anti-Marxists to discredit the Stalinist economic system, and to advance propositions ranking from profound, relevant and commendable to vague and frivolous. Tracing in Chapter IV the peripetia of this “law” provides a deeper insight into both the essential weaknesses of the Marxian theory and the acute dilemmas of the Soviet-type economies.     

浅谈中职学校越南语专业《会话》课程改革应注意的几个问题

随着中国—东盟博览会永久落户南宁,中国与越南的经济贸易合作日益频繁。近几年来中国大力发展职业教育,中职学校的越南语专业不断地得到发展,越南语专业学生数量不断增长,但是文化水平参差不齐,理解和应用知识的能力较差,而用人单位对该专业的人才需求主要集中在口语技能的应用上,这就要求中职学校对一些专业课程进行改革,尤其是《会话》课程。本文将就中职学校越南语专业《会话》课程改革应注意的几个问题进行简单的讨论。     

生育文明指标体系初探

生育文明是人类文明的重要组成部分。研究和制定生育文明指标体系具有现实指导意义。生育文明指标体系制定的原则包括系统性、客观性、动态性和可操作性。生育文明指标体系主要由生育观念文明度、生育科技文明度、生育制度文明度和生育文明可持续度等四部分组成。     

A systems analysis of youth in acute and subacute therapeutic residential care

The Arkansas Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) has reduced the use of therapeutic residential care (e.g., group homes, residential treatment centers) for youth placed in child welfare. Youth in acute or subacute congregate care for 30 or more days without Medicaid now are of particular interest. This is a longer-term psychiatric program, typically 3 to 6 months. The project team conducted a systems analysis to determine the specific characteristics and levels of need for 42 youth so that DCFS can more effectively serve these youth in the least restrictive form of treatment possible.     

企业税务筹划的风险及防范

企业在重视税务筹划的同时,也应重视其带来的各种风险。企业税务筹划的相关概念、区别及现状,可能出现的主要风险必须认真加以分析,只有这样,才可能找到切实可行的解决对策。     

New Governance,Green Planning and Sustainability: Tasmania Together and Growing Victoria Together1

Bridgman and Davis (2000:91) have argued that ‘ideally government will have a well developed and widely distributed policy framework, setting out economic, social and environmental objectives’. This article compares and evaluates two such frameworks or plans, Tasmania Together and Growing Victoria Together, in terms of their potential to promote sustainability. It argues that they are very different exercises in new governance, aimed at reconnecting with community priorities and at redirecting macro‐policy setting away from a preoccupation with economic priorities, respectively. Nevertheless, both plans have the capacity to ‘green’ state planning, in Tasmania in terms of more purposeful benchmarks, and in Victoria in terms of enhanced sustainability emphasis in the macro‐policy setting. The article encounters tensions in its review of the plans between deliberation and planning, policy empowerment and policy progress, and policy institutionalisation and politicisation as means of achieving policy change. It finds that whilst Tasmania and Victoria are re‐engaged states that are reinventing state policy, as yet they are failing to meet the governance challenges of sustainability.     

试析城市规划的基本属性与转型期政府行为之间的矛盾

目前, 我国的城市化已进入了加速发展时期, 城市的发展需要正确、合理的城市规划作为保障。充分认识城市规划的公共利益属性、法律属性、开放属性、可持续发展属性, 对于城市规划的编制和实施具有非常重要的意义。但在转型时期, 有些城市政府在规划中片面注重经济效益, 规划决策非程序化, 急于扩大城市的发展规模, 没有建立起与公众长期开放的沟通渠道, 这与城市规划的基本属性是不相符的。因此, 必须运用科学发展观理论对政府行为加以引导和规范。     

经济欠发达地区农村计划生育工作被动的原因及扭转

经济欠发达地区部分农村计划生育工作的被动、滞后，严重影响着农村小康社会和农业现代化建设的顺利进行。分析其中原因，制定有效的扭转措施，具有十分重要的现实意义。     

论农村养老保障体系的建立

农村养老保障体系的建立，是完善我国社会保障制度的要求，面临人口老龄化特别是农村人口的老龄化，如何逐步建立以政府为主导、家庭养老为辅助、其他多种形式并存、适应农村实际状况的养老保障体系，成为建设社会主义新农村过程中的一个重要问题。     

论领导者“多谋”

领导者是否“多谋”，是其工作能力强弱的重要表现；在现代社会，领导者是否“多谋”对领导绩效的影响更为迫切与突出。多谋的源头，一是善于进行求异思维、发散思维与转向思维；二是有较多的知识积累；三是注重借助“外脑”、智囊。事实证明，想当好领导者，成为领导人才，都应该是个聪慧者，善于筹算谋划，胸有韬略，足智多谋。