The Engagement Pendulum: Australia’s Alternating Approach to Irregular Migration

This paper examines the Australian federal government’s use of regional engagement to stop irregular migration. It shows that Australia’s policy elites have long debated whether regional cooperation is useful or necessary for stopping irregular migration. The debate among policy elites bears little relationship to the academic and ideological controversy over Australia’s “engagement” with Asia. Rather, this controversy is defined by pragmatism and operates akin to a pendulum, with an action–reaction cycle occurring where governments seek alternative approaches to what they perceive as the failures of their predecessors. This paper shows that the governments who have championed Asian engagement have been no more willing to seek a regional approach to irregular migration than those who seem to downplay engagement. Differing perspectives on regional cooperation is an important and largely under-examined aspect of Australia’s broader national debate about irregular migration. Given the significance of this issue to Australian politics, it also serves as an important case study in the wider context of Australia’s relationship with and attitudes towards the Asia-Pacific.     

False papers and family fictions: household responses to ‘gift children’ born to Indonesian women during transnational migration

When parents pursue transnational labour migration, challenges arise around ensuring the social belonging of children, especially ‘gift children’ who are conceived or born abroad as a result of out-of-wedlock relationships or sexual assault. Families we interviewed in Lombok, Indonesia, displayed complex social ingenuity to ensure the gift child’s social belonging. Caregivers described how they address discrimination by manipulating and falsifying family histories in identity documents, including census forms and birth registration. These family strategies drive home the local role of identity documents as a tool to enhance belonging rather than as proof of legal identity. We spotlight the time lag between birth and obtaining an official birth record as a crucial space in creating ‘citizenship from below’ in communities with high out-migration and low birth registration rates.     

高考移民的法律控制

高考移民现象破坏了正常的教育考试秩序,反映了我国教育深层次的缺陷。目前各地采取的封堵措施主要立足于维护正常的教育秩序、制裁惩罚考生。我们认为,解决这一问题的正确方法是,修改完善宪法,加强立法,注重运用司法手段监督制约行政行为和保护考生的权利。     

操纵证券市场罪之主观要件及司法认定

操纵证券市场罪的主观方面只能由直接故意构成,为了更好地区分合法投资行为与违法操纵行为,本罪中应增加“引诱他人进行证券交易”的目的要件,同时,为解决司法认定的难题,应充分发挥司法推定在认定主观方面的作用,但不宜采用举证责任倒置制度。     

迁徙自由的限制：学说、规范与实践

对迁徙自由的保障,是人类社会进步的必然要求,我国明文入宪也是必然趋势,又因为社会秩序、社会利益以及公民其他权利的保障也是法治的内涵,故对迁徙自由加以合理限制本即迁徙自由的应然之意。基于对迁徙的“自由层面”与“限制层面”这两者之间紧张关系的考量,将按照阿列克西的基本权限制理论对迁徙自由从“保障——限制——违宪阻却事由”三个层次加以分析,并将在对德国和美国的迁徙自由限制的宪政实例进行分析的基础上,探讨我国现行户籍制度是否属于对迁徙自由限制,最终对户籍制度这一迁徙自限制政策如何改良等问题提出见解。     

农村女性婚姻迁移者社区融合的基本状况及影响因素探析--基于1011名调查对象数据的实证分析

使用自行编制的“农村女性婚姻迁移者社区融合调查问卷”对1011名农村女性婚姻迁移者进行测量的数据分析结果显示,农村女性婚姻迁移者的社区融合没有达到较好水平;影响农村女性婚姻迁移者心理融合的因素呈现多样性,目前是否在工作、房子类型、公婆是否同意外娶、婚龄、城乡、是否适应迁入地自然环境、是否了解丈夫家庭、迁移是否有遗憾、是否考虑到迁移困难、是否有困难、面对困难是否积极、回娘家情况、娘家人来婆家情况、迁入地是否有朋友等因素对农村女性婚姻迁移者社区融合有显著性影响。应从多方面提升农村女性婚姻迁移者的社区融合水平。     

A new way of measuring behavioural compliance for prevention programme interventions using KAP Score

KAP Score is an evaluation tool developed to enable aid and donor organisations to monitor and evaluate the outcome of interventions, particularly those where the link between programme activities and outcomes constitutes an “unknown”. This article articulates KAP Score and demonstrates how it has been applied to two separate interventions related to risk avoidance (human trafficking) and demand reduction (wildlife consumption) to generate quantitative evidence for assessing how they contributed to increasing compliance. The examples presented demonstrate how KAP Score attributed the effectiveness of these interventions to a proxy indicator that can measure incremental behavioural compliance.     

Assuring Real Freedom of Movement in EU Direct Taxation

The decisions of the European Court of Justice in applying the Treaty principles of freedom of movement to the direct taxation of individuals have been strongly criticised as taking an overly simplistic view of the interactions between national tax systems. The interactions often make non-discrimination an inappropriate criterion. This article proposes a framework, grounded in economic analysis, for understanding the implications of the interactions for freedom of movement. First, I establish a precise definition of obstacles to freedom of movement of individuals as costs of migration, as distinguished from incentives to migration (such as mere differences in national tax levels). Incentives can encourage economic distortions in migration, but they are not obstacles to migration (or free movement). Secondly, I develop the cross-migration test to distinguish costs of migration from incentives. I apply the test to show that two commonly used schemes of double tax relief, including exemption with progression, create unjustified obstacles to free movement.     

被派遣劳动者适用无固定期限劳动合同的法律问题探讨 —— 以机关事业单位使用编制外人员为视角

我国机关事业单位以劳务派遣方式使用编制外人员有其特殊的历史背景。劳动合同用工中，劳 动者“非因本人原因从原用人单位被安排到新用人单位工作”引发的法律后果的逻辑解读应为：如果劳动者的 连续工作年限满十年的，则新用人单位负有与其签订无固定期限劳动合同的义务；如果劳动者的连续工作年限 不满十年，其意义仅在于新用人单位在解除、终止劳动合同支付经济补偿时，是否应当合并计算劳动者在原用 人单位的工作年限。劳务派遣用工中，用工单位的性质不应视为是属于被派遣劳动者的“新用人单位”，而通 过界定“逆向劳务派遣”或适用实质雇主判断规则，寻求用工单位承担实际用人单位的法定义务的裁判思路， 应当审慎。劳务派遣用工中，劳动者是否享有要求劳务派遣单位签订无固定期限劳动合同的权利，亟待立法明确。