全球化视野下的领导学学科建设

全球化时代给领导学学科建设的环境和方位带来了新变化。领导实践对领导学学科建设方向和目标提出了新要求：要求领导学研究和回答什么是领导,领导的本质属性和基本特性是什么;要求领导学研究和回答领导思维方式和领导范式如何转变和发展。优化领导职能结构是提高领导素质能力的基础和关键,也是领导学学科建设的重要切入点。把握积聚领导能量的职能结构要件,是加强素质能力建设的重点,也是领导学学科建设的着力点。     

马克思主义价值论与科技价值的实践基础

马克思主义价值论以科学的实践观为指导,坚持理论与实践、真理与价值相统一的原则。依据马克思主义价值论,科学技术是在实践活动中产生和发展的,它不仅作为客观的知识、工具和手段,同时也根源于人类需要,渗透着价值选择。科技与价值相互渗透、相互影响,是建立在实践基础上的统一存在。     

Toxicology and Circumstances of Completed Suicide by Means Other than Overdose*

Abstract: To determine the prevalence and circumstances of psychoactive substances amongst nonoverdose completed suicide, 1436 consecutive cases autopsied at the NSW Department of Forensic Medicine over the period 1/1/1997–12/31/2006 were analyzed. Substances were detected in 67.2% of cases, and illicit drugs in 20.1%. Alcohol was present in 40.6% of cases. Males were more likely to be positive for alcohol, cannabis, and psychostimulants, and females for pharmaceuticals. Illicits were associated with younger age. Alcohol was most prominent amongst toxicity cases, as were opioids, psychostimulants amongst gunshot cases, and pharmaceuticals amongst drownings. Cases in which drug and alcohol histories were noted were more likely to have a substance detected. Alcohol was more common where a suicide note was left and where relationship problems were involved. Pharmaceuticals were more common where a previous attempt was noted. Licit and illicit substances are strongly associated with suicide, even when the method does not involve drug overdose.     

实事求是拒斥一切理论权威

实事求是不需要人为地附加任何指导思想。理论权威是对实事求是的限制和误导。实事求是是对理论权威的超越和革命。坚持实事求是必须拒斥一切理论权威。     

论民法研究的命题、方法和结论

民法学包括实践民法学和理论民法学,前者包括民事立法学和民法解释学,后者包括民法哲学、民法社会学、民法史学和民法地理学。民法哲学是抽象化思维,阐释民法存在的根本问题。民法社会学是现实性思维,解释民法存在的社会基础。民法社会学可以细分为民法经济学、民法政治学和民法文化学。民法史学是纵向思维,揭示民法存在的时间性。民法地理学是横向思维,诠释民法存在的地域性。实践民法学的研究,要顺应立法中心主义向司法中心主义的转型,要实现民法规范与公法规范的协调,为规范民法学的发展作出贡献。理论民法学的研究,应当广泛借鉴其他社会科学的研究成果,尽可能构建理论模型,预设更多的行为类型,为民法学流派多元化作出贡献。     

哲学的可说与不可说

哲学是可说的 ,语言虽不能被运用于本体世界 ,但语言能在可说的东西与不可说的东西之间显现出一条界限 ,因而人在超越现象 ,追问本体的过程中 ,不能不借助语言之梯。哲学是不可说的 ,哲学追问本体 ,关涉包括自身在内的全体。而语言的逻辑本性使得任何一种语言系统都不可能表达世界的全部 ,作为哲学表达主体的现实的个人永远会面对一个不能言说的本体。可说 ,又不可说 ,是哲学的永恒矛盾 ,也是其生命力所在     

资源型城市经济转型的路径选择——以松原市为例

资源型城市的经济转型是世界性难题,而其破解之道仍在探索之中.本文以吉林省松原市为例,指出了资源型城市在经济转型过程中存在的主要问题,分析了松原市通过深化企业改革、调整产业结构、构建多元化融资体系、以科技创新推动经济转型、初步实现了资源型城市经济转型的做法,以期为资源型城市经济转型提供参考.     

浅议聂荣臻对科技工作的管理

聂荣臻元帅 1956年至 1966年主管中国的科学技术工作 ,为中国科学技术的腾飞做出了卓越的贡献。他的科技管理工作的主要特色可以概括为 :不畏艰难、脚踏实地的工作作风、爱惜人才、尊重人才的指导思想 ,法规建设与机构组建并重的工作方针等。这些工作作风、方针与指导思想不仅是聂帅思想的重要组成部分 ,而且将作为党的宝贵精神财富继续指导着当今中国的科学技术的发展。     

Blind validation of postmortem interval estimates using developmental rates of blow flies

This study evaluated the use of different degree day (DD) models, developmental thresholds and developmental data sources for estimating postmortem interval (PMI) based on developmental rates of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Blow fly evidence was collected from three mock crime scenes and sent for blind analysis of PMI. PMI estimates were calculated using averaging, single sine, double sine, single triangle, and double triangle models of DD calculation with minimum developmental thresholds of 0, 6 and 10 °C and Anderson's, Byrd and Allen's, Greenberg's, Nishida's and Kamal's developmental data sets. These estimates were compared with the actual PMI to determine which combination of DD model, developmental threshold and developmental data provided the most accurate estimate. For all three cases, at least one method gave a PMI estimation that was within 1 day of the actual date of death. There was no variability between PMI estimated using the five models of DD calculation. Overall, as lower developmental threshold increased, the PMI interval estimates increased. Depending on the developmental data set used, increasing the lower developmental threshold caused some overestimations of the date of oviposition, with estimates given that were prior to the actual death. Future PMI estimates should include error ranges, so that overestimation of PMI is avoided.     

Detection of Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid in Various Drink Matrices via AccuTOF-DART*

Abstract: A new screening method for detecting gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in drink matrices, using the IonSense, Inc. (Saugus, MA) direct analysis in real time (DART) ion source coupled to a JEOL exact mass time-of-flight mass spectrometer (AccuTOF), was validated and compared with the current screening methodology. The DART ion source allows for analysis of samples under ambient conditions with little to no sample preparation. Fifty drink specimens were spiked at levels of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/mL GHB, and analyzed on the AccuTOF-DART. Positive detection of GHB occurred for each of the samples at each concentration level, giving 100% accuracy for the samples tested. Twenty-five of the 50 drink specimens were spiked at 1 mg/mL GHB and tested using a color test known as the GHB Color Test #3. Only two of these 25 specimens tested positive for the presence of GHB, giving only 8% accuracy. Implementation of this new methodology as a screening tool for GHB analysis will quickly eliminate negative specimens allowing the examiner to focus analysis time on those that screened positive.