Voting Advice Applications and the Estimation of Party Positions – A Reliable Tool?

Data contained in Voting Advice Applications (VAA s) is not only a prerequisite for the vote recommendations they provide but can also be used for estimating party positions in low‐dimensional spaces. Given that VAA s can be designed differently in terms of their number of items and their measurement level, how much can one trust the party positions obtained from this source? We tackle this question by exploiting relevant variation in a real‐world setting: three VAA s offered at the 2017 Lower Saxony election. Despite substantial design differences, the policy spaces extracted through an inductive scaling approach are highly convergent. Simulated random item removal from the pooled dataset of all three VAA s furthermore suggests that about 40 items yield satisfactory reliability of the party positions. Finally, we find that a priori assigning VAA ‐items to ideological dimensions is potentially problematic as the interpretation of resulting party spaces may differ from the ones derived inductively.     

追求幸福生活是经济学与哲学的共同旨归

经济学与哲学都是探求人类幸福生活的学问。经济学认为财富增长是达到人类幸福生活的主要途径;而哲学更多地认为幸福生活的本真在于内心的安宁、道德上的至善和人际关系的熔融。经济学的过度使用是工具理性的滥用,而哲学的唯我独尊导致价值理性的专权。只有科学发展观才在两者之间占据着不偏不倚的位置,是沟通经济学与哲学,直达幸福生活的桥梁。     

我国科技人力资源总量测算方法的研究

本文以我国的科技人力资源为研究对象,对中国科技人力资源发展研究报告中关于科技人力资源的测算方法进行了分析和解读,认为中国科技人力资源总量的测算需从深化理论研究、建立评价体系、构建专门的数据库这几个方面进行完善。     

社会科学是否遗忘了“正当”问题——评列奥·斯特劳斯的《自然权利与历史》

德国历史主义主导的社会科学,遗忘了对正当问题的思考,因而对当代社会的虚无主义与道德沦丧负有不可推卸的责任,这是列奥.斯特劳斯批判社会科学的基本立场。这篇文章试图检讨这种批判的得失,并认为社会科学,就其本义而言,恰恰是通过倒置自然法学说的推理逻辑,为个人的自我治理与社会秩序的建设提供知性的支持。社会科学是作为科学,而不是作为意识形态的道德褒贬,来承当应然与实然之间的中间桥梁的任务。     

Developing human resource in research and development: international experiences and implications for Vietnam

ABSTRACT

Human resource is the key driving force of research and development of a nation. Japan and Korea are two examples of how appropriate strategies in developing human resources have been transferred into remarkable achievements in R&D. In recent years, Vietnam has observed significant shift in investment for R&D. Thus, the lessons of Japan and Korea could provide Vietnam with valuable strategies for further development in human resources in R&D, particularly in vision of R&D development, policy flexibility, increased investment on R&D development and human resources, key R&D organization formation and increased international cooperation in S&T.     

工业化中后期苏南地区产业升级的路径选择

在工业化的初始阶段,苏南地区主要依靠要素、投资驱动产业升级.进入21世纪以来,这种高投入、高消耗的产业升级路径,使其进一步发展面临巨大的挑战.借鉴日本和韩国等国相关的做法和经验,处于工业化中后期的苏南地区必须以科技创新引领产业升级.其基本路径是:加大科技人才的培养引进力度,突出企业科技创新的主体地位,努力营造科技创新的机制环境,积极推进国际技术的转移与合作,大力促进产业的企业区域集中,加快传统优势产业的高新技术改造.     

法律方法的技术意义和规范意义

法学作为科学,是因为法律方法不仅应当,而且事实上能够实现法律的客观性、确定性和安定性。从科学性的角度看,法律方法具有技术意义,并表现在三个方面:实用价值、效率价值和规范价值。法律方法不是一般的技术,而是一种具有规范意义的技术。法律方法的规范意义与实现和维护法治具有内在的关联性,其对法治的功能表现为形式功能、自律功能和批判功能。强调法律方法的规范意义是伸张法治和法律客观性的需要。     

科学知识进化与科学合理性--波普科学合理性理论研究

科学合理性问题是科学哲学的核心问题。为此,科学哲学家们提出了各种合理性模型,试图澄清和解决这一难题。波普认为,科学研究的目的就是追求真理,科学发展是一个通过猜测与反驳而不断向真理进化的动态过程。     

高职计算机专业举办技能大赛的实践探索

结合高职计算机专业特点,依据岗位技能,开展丰富多彩的技能大赛,激发学员的自主学习兴趣,是提高高职院校人才培养质量的有效途径。文章通过近年来开展计算机相关专业技能大赛的实践,就举办技能大赛的内容选择、组织形式选择以及校企合作等方面,分析了如何利用技能大赛这种方式,提高学员的实践技能水平。提出依据专业特点、结合岗位技能分析、采纳合作单位的意见来优选技能大赛内容,同时通过技能大赛的形式提高学员的综合技能。     

The role of environmental factors in the causation of sudden death in infants: two cases of sudden unexpected death in two unrelated infants who were cared for by the same babysitter

We report two cases of sudden unexpected death in two unrelated African American female infants, 2 months and 4 months old. Both infants were attended to by the same babysitter in the same apartment and died 39 days apart in the same bed and in the same bedroom. The autopsy of the first infant revealed sudden unexplained death in an infant. Toxicologic analysis for carbon monoxide (CO) was not performed because it was not suspected. When the second infant died, investigation into the ambient air quality within the apartment revealed high levels of CO emanating from a poorly ventilated and defective hot water heater, which was located across a hallway from the bedroom where the two babies died. CO saturation levels in the postmortem blood samples of the two babies were elevated and were similar (13% and 14%). Nicotine and cotinine were not detected in the blood sample of the two infants. Cherry-red livor mortis was absent. Acute CO intoxication was determined to be the underlying cause of these two unexpected deaths. These two cases underscore the need to integrate ambient air analysis and postmortem CO analysis as routine components of the comprehensive death investigation of infants who die suddenly and unexpectedly.