社会舆论传播中的名利追求与价值献媚

社会舆论传播往往使传播者以及被传播者在公众之间迅速形成舆论价值效应,以此实现他们自身的名人效应与价值利益。因此,社会舆论传播往往受制其背后的"名"与"利"。而受制于名利之下的社会舆论传播与公众之间的关系通常是一种被动式的关系,舆论主体的名人效应与价值利益都取决于公众的价值认同。因此,在社会舆论传播的过程中,社会舆论往往丧失自我的价值独立性而偏向于一种价值献媚。     

后工业社会的文化危机与新宗教回归

在后工业社会中，后现代文化的空幻以及宗教神圣性的失落，导致文化危机和人生意义的迷失，对此，美国社会学家丹尼尔·贝尔全面探查西方社会结构、政治模式和文化思想领域，尤其对文化在造成当代社会规范、共识崩溃过程中所起的作用，提出了发人深省的反思，主张建立“新宗教”以拯救现代性，这在一定意义上也是对宗教世俗化的走向作了颇具合理性的预测。     

The politics and economics of “retraditionalization” in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan

This paper analyzes attitudes of women enrolled in secular and religious universities in the capital cities of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan toward family life and the role of Islam in the private and public sphere. Survey data indicate that women from both types of universities in both countries sympathize with retraditionalization, or “a return to traditional values, family life, and religion, which entails, in part, women being moved out of the work force.” Thus far, there is no statistical evidence of this phenomenon in the literature. Sympathy for retraditionalization is unfolding in the context of ongoing economic uncertainty that has plagued Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan since the Soviet Union's collapse, and its manifestations produce political responses. I argue that Kyrgyz and Tajik elites push a particular gender norm implying female secularization to counter expressions of retraditionalization among young women. In conclusion, I highlight counterintuitive findings of the survey regarding Islam's role in Central Asian society and discuss collective versus individual acts of resistance to female secularization policies in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.     

现代性与世俗化理论探源——伊斯兰教个案研究

现代性以及现代化与世俗化的关系,这一西方性话语最早是在西方被提出并从多角度进行理论诠释和反思。总体来看,伊斯兰教无论是宗教本身还是其相对应的社会的现代化均呈现出二元化的发展态势,即传统与现代的二元共存。存在于伊斯兰教内部的"理性化"进程从来没有中断过,但是到目前为止,其真正面貌并没有完全浮出水面。人们更希望面临现代世俗主义影响的伊斯兰教能在实践中体现出其能量和活力,这种以实际行动的方式对现代性所作的有力诠释是任何理论都难以做到的。     

论现代化条件下的宗教世俗化问题

世俗化是当代宗教意识的主体色,也是当代宗教发展的潮流和显著特征。宗教世俗化的过程是一个涉及人文精神、宗教权力、宗教观念、宗教价值取向、宗教礼仪和戒律、宗教情感及传道方式等诸多方面,经历从"附魅"到"祛魅"、从核心化到边缘化、从"上帝万能"到"上帝已死",从彼世到此世、从繁琐严格到简约宽松、从间隔性到新的交感性的复杂过程。世俗化与宗教热这两种似乎矛盾的相关性现象的奇特结合,伴随着世俗化过程中出现的传统宗教的复兴和新兴宗教的兴起,其背景恰恰是现代化。     

Islamism,secularization, secularity: the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt as a phenomenon of a secular age

The paper outlines parallels between the processes of secularization and secularity in the West, as interpreted by José Casanova and Charles Taylor, and Islamism as a modern social and political phenomenon. It focuses on the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood’s history and ideas and specifically on a number of public documents detailing its social and political vision. I argue that if we define ‘secularization’ not only as the weakening of religious belief, but as the institutional differentiation of modern state structures and the marginalization of religion, and ‘secularity’ as the process whereby faith becomes one option among others and religion becomes an identifiable set of beliefs seen as guidelines for reform, the Brotherhood, similarly to other Islamist entities, is a phenomenon of a ‘secular age’.     

世俗化进程与后宗教时代的来临

相对于宗教主权的时代,现时代无疑已进入后宗教时代.世俗化的不断推进,使宗教时代得以终结,它还继续深化,成为后宗教时代的社会基础.后宗教时代的到来,在内在逻辑上可以归因于宗教的自我否定.其中,世俗化进程是最为主要的原因,此外还有宗教自身的一些其他原因.只有在后宗教时代,真正的宗教研究才成为可能.     

Secularization and modernization in Turkey: the ideas of Ziya Gökalp

The pupose of this essay is to re-evaluate the ideas of Ziya Gökalp (1876–1924), the official ideologue of the Young Turk movement and holder of the first chair of sociology at Istanbul University (1912), whose significance within the history of secular political thought and practice in Turkey remains inadequately explored. Focusing on Gökalp's view of the relationship between nationalism, religion and modernity in the Turkish context, I offe both an account of existing Anglophone interpretations of Gökalp's ideas and an alternative intepretation. In the latter, I seek to identify a conceptual frame in Gökalp's thought: the set of concerns and historical developments which comprise what I call the secularization problematic of modernity and which has implications for understanding his view of the relationship between religion and modernity in general and between Islam and Turkish nationalism in the context of modernization in particular.     

哲学,宗教与中国文化精神:兼论中国人信仰的历史特点

中国化与世界其他主要化的重要不同在于,中国化的基本精神是人主义的,不是宗教神学的,在中国历史上,官方信仰了、学信仰也间信仰互相交错又彼此疏离,哲学和宗教的关系及其在整个民族化中的作用十分复杂,从全局上看,儒家哲学和道家哲学的互渗互补构成了中国传统褒庇的主干和基本线索,提供给中国人尤其是知识人以安身立命的依托。虽然道教、佛中国历史上也有长久的影响,但追求彼岸不是民族化的主要传统。了解中     

The impact of gay friendly cultures on religious expression: a study of inclusive attitudes and behaviours among religious adolescent American male athletes

Abstract

This article investigates the way attitudes inclusive of homosexuality have proliferated among 11 high school athletes on 1 sporting team, despite those athletes representing various beliefs. Utilizing an in-depth, six-question interview schedule, as well as Huber’s centrality of religion scale (CRS-10), the respondents’ varied religious backgrounds, attitudes towards homosexuality and religiosity are discerned via semi-structured interviews. Results show that these young men reconcile their church’s stances with their own inclusive beliefs, reported ostensibly inclusive environments within their church communities, and articulated their belief in equality through secular discourse. As church communities in inclusive locales deemphasize anti-gay principles and posture inclusivity, young people may maintain religious identities as a function of secularization as declining religious authority. Finally, I discuss the relationship between inclusive masculinities, religiosity and secularization; in doing so, I explore mechanisms by which dominant cultural narratives (in this case, the acceptance of homosexuality) might transform religious expression and religious institutions.