中国农村人口出生性别比发展水平分析

出生性别比是人口性别年龄结构发展变化的自然基础。出生性别比失衡是中国人口问题面临的一个复杂、实际的深层次问题。依据历次人口普查数据显示,由于农村较低的生产力水平和现行的计划生育政策,人口出生性别比偏高的趋势仍未明显缓解。传统的生育文化是导致农村出生性别比居高不下的根本原因,宽松的计划生育政策及执行是出生性别比偏高的关键因素,先进医疗技术的滥用甚至违法使用更加速了出生性别比的失衡状态,另外农村社会保障薄弱以及计划生育户的奖励幅度过低也是出生性别比偏高的主要原因。     

自私的基因与两性博弈：人类婚姻制度生存机理的生物学解释

物种的行为是以生殖为导向的,基因传递是促使物种进化的核心力量。在进化的层面上,婚姻是在人类发展的过程中,在男女、性、生殖等诸要素共同作用下的结果。婚姻制度在前政府时代是通过习惯来发挥作用的。当这些习惯被国家法律认可或作了微调而上升为法律时候,婚姻便成为了规范男女间性与生殖的一套国家制度。在生物学的层面,婚姻制度恰恰是在同性或异性间以生殖为目的、以性为内容、以生物学为场域的博弈中形成的,这场博弈伴随人类发展的始终,男女、性、生殖等诸要素的变化通常会引起婚姻制度的变革与调整。     

From the Streets to the Screen: Sex Work,Stigma, Desire and Covid-19 in Mexico City

This article explores how the labour practices of sex workers in Mexico City have been affected by Covid-19. More specifically, it analyses (a) how the pandemic increases the stigmatisation of sex workers; (b) the causes that prompted Mexican sex workers to resort to erotic online platforms; (c) the advantages and disadvantages of online sex work; (d) the forms of mutual support sex workers in Mexico City offer each other in order to familiarise themselves with this new modality of work. Thus, this study provides the basis for analysis of sex work, stigma and desire in the context of Covid-19 in Mexico.     

网络传播背景下的青少年性越轨行为的研究

网络对于青少年的性越轨的影响可分为三个大类:性道德与性观念的冲击、网络色情文化的大肆传播及其影响、以网络为媒介的性越轨新现象的出现。依据传播学中“两级传播”理论与社会学中的社会化理论对性越轨行为的产生进行分析,从社会控制的角度提出了加强青少年网络性越轨控制的措施。     

PEDOPHILIA

Sex offenses against children are considered the worst of crimes, even among criminals themselves. Attitudes have changed from blaming the victim to holding the perpetrator responsible for the actions. The prevalence of such offenses continues unabated despite the stigma for the offender and the irreparable trauma to the victim. Society and the medical and legal communities have to present a more feasible definition of the problem, addressing specifically the acts that fall under the term of pedophilia . A plan needs to be formulated by various disciplines working together for the common goal of identifying the most effective method to deal with the victims and perpetrator and also to lower the incidence and recidivism rates. Different psychological and biological tests have been devised for investigations but fall short of the desired purpose. Various treatment modalities have been suggested and tried, but much work still needs to be done in that area.     

中国汉族人耻骨性别判定的研究

目的为了探讨耻骨性别判定的更为简便可靠的方法。方法对96副已知生前确切性别的耻骨进行了性别差异的研究,其中男性耻骨73副,女性耻骨23副。测量项目有:缘枝角,耻骨宽,耻骨联合面的高及厚。结果将耻骨的测量数据输入电脑,用SPSS软件,对耻骨的测量数据进行了统计分析,建立了耻骨性别判定的判别方程。结论其性别判别率最高可达95.5%,该方法可以用于法医学实践。     

MARRIAGE IN CANADA—EVOLUTION OR REVOLUTION?*

On July 20, 2005, the Canadian Civil Marriage Act became law, extending equal access to civil marriage to same‐sex couples while respecting religious freedom. This article briefly traces the distinctive juridical factors that have contributed to the legislation: the constitutional comity or dialogue among Parliament, the courts and the people resulting from the constitutional entrenchment of a Charter of rights and freedoms; the growth of the substantive concept of equality in Canadian law; and the impact of the constitutional division of powers and the nature of Canadian federalism. Together, these factors contributed to a constructive debate centered on respect for diversity.     

The Case for a Rational Reconstruction of Consent in Criminal Law

This article argues for consistency in criminal law and the need for 'rational reconstruction' of the law where necessary to achieve this. It focuses Parliament's failure to respect the need for consistency by passing a statutory definition of consent in the Sexual Offences Act 2003 which appears to apply only to sexual offences. As a result, the law on consent risks being a patchwork of statute and ad hoc case law, without any overarching principle to deal with new situations and different offences. The consequent lack of certainty, accessibility, predictability and fairness is compared to the standards of the European Convention on Human Rights. The statutory definition of consent in the context of the sexual offences is assessed critically as a model which could be used in offences against the person and property offences. The article concludes that until Parliament responds to the need for certainty and consistency by legislating on consent, there can be no rational reconstruction of consent under the Sexual Offences Act 2003.     

桡骨性别鉴定的研究

目的通过对桡骨的测量,使用Fisher判别分析方法,建立了中国人桡骨性别判定的判别方程。方法本研究共测量了来自全国九省区的已知生前确切性别的210个个体的左右侧桡骨,其中男性160例,女性50例,年龄范围18岁～76岁。测量指标共有8项,使用SPSS软件,进行了桡骨左、右侧及男女性别间测量数据差异的t检验。根据对测量数据左、右侧及男女性别的检验,将差异不显著的测量项目剔除,建立了左、右侧桡骨性别判定的方程。结果单一测量指标的性别判定方程,除性别差异不显著的测量项目颈干角之外,性别判别率为57.7%～92.3%,桡骨长度测量指标的性别判别率为82.4%～88.5%,桡骨中段测量指标的性别判别率为77.8%～91.7%。完整桡骨测量指标的性别判别率91.7%～99.5%。结论本研究建立的桡骨性别判定方法,性别判定准确率高,使用方便,为中国人桡骨的性别判定提供了科学依据。     

论黄色文化与青少年性犯罪

当今社会黄色文化的泛滥对青少年的健康成长极为不利,引起了青少年性犯罪案的上升.从心理学和传播学角度对黄色文化传播媒体对青少年性犯罪发生影响的机理进行分析,可提出减少黄色文化对青少年性犯罪影响的对策.一是对青少年加强性知识教育和道德品质培养,二是加强文化市场管理,消除精神污染.