Female Sex Offenders: A Controlled Comparison of Offender and Victim/Crime Characteristics

The current study was a chart review of 31 female sex offenders (FSO), 31 male sex offenders (MSO), 31 female violent offenders (FO), and 31 male violent offenders (MO) using a 2 (female or male) by 2 (sex or violent offender) design. This is the first known study to employ three control groups when researching female sex offenders. Multiple variables appeared related to gender and crime. However, some variables emerged as FSO specific. They reported the least alcohol abuse history and had fewer admissions of guilt to the crime than the two violent offender samples. More FSOs knew their victim and were biologically related to their victim than MSOs. Lastly, the FSO sample was the least discriminating as to their victim’s gender and had the highest overall rate of sexual victimization.     

论交通肇事犯罪人的特点及刑事责任

交通肇事犯罪人属于一般自然人主体,具有与传统犯罪人不同的性格特征,交通肇事犯罪人在主观上是过失心态。行为人交通肇事后逃逸是我国刑法规定的加重处罚情形,交通肇事犯罪人的共犯是我国刑法规定的特殊处罚情形,交通肇事后行为人遗弃被害人的,应当按故意杀人罪或故意伤害罪处罚。应当从刑事立法、刑事政策、犯罪学理论三方面入手,加强对交通肇事犯罪人的预防和惩处,有效防止交通肇事罪的发生。     

“先强奸后自愿发生性行为”除罪化的困境及其出路

将“先强奸后自愿发生性行为”直接除罪化,不仅缺乏理论依据,也违反了我国《刑法》明文规定,同时还导致了法规范的不协调。为了解决这些问题,应将具有这一特殊情形的强奸罪规定为亲告罪,即《刑法》应明确规定：“第一次性行为违背妇女的意志,但后来女方又多次自愿与该男子发生性行为的,对于先前的强奸行为,告诉的才处理。”     

法国犯罪二元论体系的结构性分析

法国各个犯罪二元论体系都是以犯罪(行为)和犯罪人(行为人)为中心建立的体系,从总体上看,有许多相同之处,但是其具体的结构、要素、诸要素的相互关系以及具体的内容、观点却有许多差别,而且任何体系的结构、要素,包括其内容和观点,都是发展、变化的。因此,应当采动态之研究方法,在分别研究法国各个犯罪二元论体系的基础上,把各个犯罪二元论体系作为一个整体,进行全面的、综合的研究,分析其内部的结构和要素,对其变化及发展历史过程进行全面的考察,以把握它们的复杂性、多样性和动态性,寻找其发展变化的规律和趋势,做出总体评价。     

活体跟骨数字X线片性别判定

目的应用数字X线摄影方法测量跟骨,评估5项测量指标在法医学性别判定中的价值。方法393例受试对象随机分组,实验组334例(男性148例,女性186例),验证组59例(男性26例,女性33例)。每一受试对象按照规定投照方法摄跟骨侧位DR片,分别测量5项跟骨长度指标。方差分析检验实验组各项指标性别间差异,Fisher判别分析及多元逐步判别分析建立性别判别函数。验证组样本数据回代,前瞻性评估判别效能。结果5项指标性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。共建立了6组性别判别函数,性别判断正确率在78.4%～88.9%之间;回代检验,判断正确率在79.7%～86.4%之间。结论跟骨侧位数字X线片5项长度测量指标代入判别函数进行性别判定的方法可为法医学个人识别中的性别判定提供帮助。     

Morphometric criteria for sexing juvenile human skeletons using the ilium

Previous attempts to sex juvenile skeletons have focused on the application of qualitative or semi-quantitative techniques. This study applies a variety of geometric morphometric methods, including eigenshape analysis, to this problem. Six metric criteria for the ilia were tested with the aim of investigating previous ideas concerning sexually diagnostic characters. This study uses 25 ilia from juveniles of known age and sex from Christ Church, Spitalfields, London. Ninety-six percent of juvenile ilia were correctly identified as male or female using the shape of the greater sciatic notch. Identification accuracy is shown to improve with age for several criteria. Males were identified to a higher accuracy than females. Application of geometric techniques improves the understanding of the relationship between age, sex, and shape and the clarity with which these relationships can be quantified. Archaeological and forensic relevance of the results are discussed with recommendations for future application.     

Sex, Maids, and Export Processing: Risks and Reasons for Gendered Global Production Networks

Increasing numbers of women have become sex workers, maids, or employees in export production networks—all largely female sectors—to earn incomes in the restructured global economy. Many must migrate domestically and internationally. Women encounter many risks and much insecurity in these sectors: low wages, no benefits, long hours, harassment, health hazards, and lack of rights or legal recourse. By examining work in these three sectors simultaneously, we find that, as a result of globalization, economic restructuring, and crises, 1) women have increasingly been forced into such income-earning activities and 2) many governments have been pushed into strategies that foster these occupations.     

Rethinking Timing of First Sex and Delinquency

The relation between timing of first sex and later delinquency was examined using a genetically informed sample of 534 same-sex twin pairs from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, who were assessed at three time points over a 7-year interval. Genetic and environmental differences between families were found to account for the association between earlier age at first sex and increases in delinquency. After controlling for these genetic and environmental confounds using a quasi-experimental design, earlier age at first sex predicted lower levels of delinquency in early adulthood. The current study is contrasted with previous research with non-genetically informative samples, including Armour and Haynie (2007, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 141–152). Results suggest a more nuanced perspective on the meaning and consequences of adolescent sexuality than is commonly put forth in the literature.

为什么不能将性贿赂犯罪化?

近年来有不少学者和人大代表仅从性贿赂的危害性角度提议性贿赂入罪,是对刑事立法规律的不理解所导致的。性贿赂立法在国际反腐败公约中没有要求,在国外立法中没有先例,在我国不能将性贿赂入罪,因为将性贿赂入罪会因为认定上的困难而导致司法上的混乱。不将性贿赂犯罪化,但可以通过其他方式监督性贿赂、防止官员腐败。     

补肾活血化痰组方治疗青春期多囊卵巢综合征41例

目的 观察补肾活血化痰组方治疗青春期多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS）的临床疗效。方法 收集年龄为13~20岁的青春期PCOS患者41例,采用补肾活血化痰组方进行治疗,观察患者治疗前后月经周期、排卵、肥胖、多毛、黑棘皮症、痤疮等临床症状及血睾酮（testosterone, T）、胰岛素（insulin,Ins）、黄体生成激素（luteotrophic hormone, LH）、卵泡刺激素（follicle stimulating hormone, FSH）、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)的变化情况。结果 补肾活血化痰组方能明显降低患者的血T、Ins和LH水平（P<0.05,或P<0.01）,改善患者的月经失调、痤疮等临床症状（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 补肾活血化痰组方治疗青春期PCOS有较好的临床疗效。