论我国基础教育的性别公平

自从1986年实施《义务教育法》以来,我国的基础教育得到了巨大发展,男女两性不仅享有法律上平等的受教育权利,而且实际的受教育机会也日益平等。但是,在不同地区以及城乡之间,基础教育领域的性别差异依然不同程度地存在,基础教育中的性别平等还没有完全实现,而且,随着社会经济转型,新的问题也在基础教育领域不断出现。本文采用全国第五次人口普查以及第二次中国妇女社会地位抽样调查的数据,从基础教育的入学机会、教育过程和内容以及教育结果三个层次上来讨论目前我国基础教育领域存在的性别差异,力图从教育公正以及性别平等的角度来说明基础教育中存在的性别不平等。尤其是在贫困农村地区和流动人口中,相当数量的女童的受教育权利还没有得到切实保障。本文建议,要从政府、家庭以及教育系统本身着手消除基础教育体制、观念以及内容上的性别差异。     

发展权:社会主义初级阶段男女平等的突破口--从第二期上海妇女社会地位调查谈起

以自然分工为基础的男尊女卑的社会性别关系,从诞生之日起就是对妇女发展权的赤裸裸的剥夺,参加社会生产是妇女回归社会、获得发展权的开端,在国家的发展政策中纳入性别观点,使妇女和男性一样平等地参与、促进并享受社会发展是实现发展权、进而实现男女平等的重要环节。目前恰恰就在就业、参政和继续教育等和发展权维护有关的问题上,上海妇女发展遭遇前所未有的挑战。促进、维护和实现妇女发展权,不仅能大幅度提升妇女社会参与的能力与实力,也能大大加快社会民主法制的进程及经济、文化的发展。     

教师对学生性侵犯中学校特殊民事责任的比较法学思考

少数教师利用师生关系对学生进行性骚扰已成为严重威胁未成年学生健康成长的社会问题 ,学校及教育部门的雇主责任也成为法律中亟待解决的课题。无论是以无过失责任为原则的美国雇主责任制度 ,还是以过失责任为原则的德国雇主责任 ,就本质意义而言 ,性骚扰中雇主责任是由于特定的雇佣关系存在 ,体现一定价值判断的雇主与受害人自由利益之间的平衡关系 ,而二种责任制度的差异 ,根本之处在于其不同价值判断对雇主和受害人自由的态度 ,取决于相应利益的相对重要性或相对价值。从未成年学生权利为宪法上公民权利的高度、从保护未成年学生至高无上的自由权利出发 ,应建立起学校及教育部门在教师对学生性骚扰中的严格雇主责任。     

性骚扰的民法救济

性骚扰是当前突出的社会问题之一,法律应当对其有所关注.从民法的角度看,性骚扰侵犯受害者的一般人格权,侵害人应当承担侵权责任,受害人应该获得损害赔偿,尤其是精神损害赔偿.     

Strengthening Canadian Law Enforcement and Academic Partnerships in the Area of Online Child Sexual Exploitation: The Identification of Shared Research Directions

This article outlines the law enforcement response to online child sexual exploitation and identifies two key areas of research that would benefit from an academic focus—the link between online and offline child sexual exploitation offending, and the psychological health and wellness of online child sexual exploitation investigation employees. While there are several areas in need of research, these two areas demonstrate a unique opportunity for collaborative work. Also highlighted is a joint international research partnership among law enforcement, practitioners and academia that demonstrates the benefits of linking academic research interests with the practical needs of law enforcement. Last, are several suggestions for operationally relevant collaborative research in this area. Such opportunities bring together various areas of expertise, which will advance our understanding of the needs of victims, and improve victim support services.     

嫖宿幼女罪再思考——一种国际公约的视角

嫖宿幼女罪自其设立之时就在学者中间存有争议,近年来发生的几起影响较大的嫖宿幼女案,更将争论推向社会各界。在这些争论中,更多的意见是废除嫖宿幼女罪,将嫖宿幼女并人奸淫幼女,以强奸罪论处。从国际公约的视角来看,嫖宿幼女罪的罪名确属不当,然而,将嫖宿幼女合并于奸淫幼女的意见也值得商确,事实上也难以实现。综合考虑各种因素,建议废除嫖宿幼女罪,将嫖宿幼女当作强迫幼女卖淫,以强迫卖淫罪论处。     

The association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual coercion in men: a test of possible mediators

ABSTRACT

We examined the associations between childhood sexual abuse (CSA), childhood physical abuse (CPA), sexual domain variables, antisocial tendencies, and sexually coercive behaviour in a non-forensic sample of 173 heterosexual men. CSA was associated with paraphilic interests and experiences, a more extensive sexual life history, and early antisocial tendencies. CPA was associated with paraphilic interests and experiences, more self-reported delinquency, higher sensation seeking, and early antisocial tendencies. Sexual domain variables (e.g. number of sexual partners, sexual interest in sadomasochism) mediated the link between CSA and sexually coercive behaviour, but antisocial domain variables (e.g. delinquency, sensation seeking) did not. Of the two sexual domains examined, extensive sexual life history rather than paraphilias mediated the association between CSA and sexually coercive behaviour. These results suggest CSA and CPA are associated with both sexual and antisocial outcomes, and that, for some victims of CSA, having an extensive sexual life history may account for the association between CSA and sexually coercive behaviour later in life.     

‘Without Education You Can Never Become President’: Teenage Pregnancy and Pseudo-empowerment in Post-Ebola Sierra Leone

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the emergence of ‘teenage pregnancy’ as a new policy focus in post-Ebola Sierra Leone and explores how Sierra Leoneans interpret the problem of ‘teenage pregnancy’. I argue that the new policy focus is not indicative of changing or new problems. Rather, ‘teenage pregnancy’ has created opportunities for donors and the Government of Sierra Leone to continue cooperation in gender politics. At the same time, Sierra Leoneans are clearly concerned about ‘teenage pregnancy’, and many agree with sensitization campaigns that responsibilize young women and girls while downplaying structural factors that render them vulnerable to arrangements involving transactional sex.     

Feminism in the Humanitarian Machine. Introduction to the Special Section on ‘The Politics of Intervention Against (Conflict-Related) Sexual and Gender-based Violence’

ABSTRACT

The prevention and mitigation of sexual and gender-based violence in (post-) conflict societies has become an important humanitarian activity. This introductory article examines the analytical discourses on these interventions, the institutionalization of SGBV expertise in international politics, and the emancipatory potential of anti-SGBV practices. It argues that the confluence of feminist professional activism and militarized humanitarian interventionism produced specific international activities against SGBV. As part of the institutionalization of gender themes in international politics, feminist emancipatory claims have been taken up by humanitarian organizations. The normal operating state of the humanitarian machine, however, undercuts its potential contribution to social transformation towards larger gender equality in (post-) conflict societies.