中国小额贷款公司的作用与发展策略研究

该文分析了小额贷款公司的作用,指出其面临着性质定位、监管体制、资金来源、经营风险和技术支撑等方面的约束,提出了制定相应的法律法规,采取健全制度、改善发展环境以及创新经营模式等政策建议。     

Examining the immanent dilemma of small states in the Asia-Pacific: the strategic triangle between New Zealand,the US and China

ABSTRACT

Small states throughout the Asia-Pacific are confronted by a growing dilemma over how to balance their traditional security ties with the US and rapidly growing trade with China. This gives Washington and Beijing potential leverage over small states to use within their competition with one another. This article explores the implications of this for New Zealand – a small South Pacific state that prides itself on maintaining an independent foreign policy. Situated within the small state literature, it utilises a material-based strategic triangle to illustrate the fundamental facets of New Zealand's position. Relatedly, the article examines how Wellington has managed its burgeoning relations with China and the US over the past decade and critically considers New Zealand's independent foreign policy. It finds that New Zealand has adopted a mixed set of strategies to manage its position between the US and China, closely aligning itself with Washington while remaining nonaligned on some key security issues in the Asia-Pacific region. New Zealand has certainly not opted for neutrality. The article concludes that New Zealand and other small states must remain vigilant, may want to consider alternative strategies of alignment, and outlines a number of areas where additional research could prove fruitful.     

Can constituent states influence foreign and security policy? Coalitional dynamics in India

Abstract

The Indian state has undergone significant transformation since the late 1980s, most notably the extensive decentralisation of power, with consequences for the formation and implementation of Indian foreign policy. This article explores the role of India’s constituent states explaining the extent and limitations of their autonomy and influence. It deploys and extends the state transformation approach to incorporate considerations of issue area and coalition type. Under coalitions led by typical national parties, subnational governments are less likely to influence foreign and security policy. Under the same coalition type, they are more likely to behave autonomously on non-traditional security issues such as sharing of water resources with neighbouring countries. They are less likely to behave autonomously on security issues such as the transnational expression of ethnic solidarity. Under coalitions led by atypical national parties or regional parties, subnational governments are likely to exercise a moderate level of autonomy and influence on issue areas such as transnational expression of ethnic solidarity. They are likely to exercise a high level of autonomy and influence on non-traditional security issues such as sharing of water resources. The framework is illustrated through Tamil Nadu’s activism on Sri Lanka, and West Bengal’s position on water-sharing with Bangladesh.     

协商民主的理论及其实践：对人权保障的贡献——以协商民主的权力制约功能为分析视角

作为当代西方民主理论和实践的最新发展，协商民主强调公民通过自由而平等的理性对话、辩论、推理和审议等方式来参与公共生活，赋予立法和决策以合法性，从而保证公民自治和真实民主的实现，推动民主政治的发展。协商民主的价值理念契合了当代宪政国家人权保障的核心追求，其宪政功能突出表现在通过制约和监督国家权力以整合多元社会共识，赋予立法和决策以正当合法性，凸显宪政国家人权保障的终极目标。当前各国的乡村社会和地方城市产生了许多新的协商制度形式，为人权保障事业作出了独特贡献。     

金融危机对广西县域中小企业的影响及对策

金融危机就是一道“危”与“机”的“旋转门”。本轮国际金融危机使广西县域中小企业既面临着融资难度加剧、资金链条面临断裂、市场需求萎缩、企业利润普遍下跌、信心严重受挫等危机影响，又面临着承接东部产业、政策高度关注、技术改造升级、低成本发展等机遇。广西县域中小企业须采取超常措施加快中小企业的反周期发展，方能引领广西县域经济走出低谷，实现崛起与“民富”。     

完善甘肃省中小企业信用担保体系的对策

甘肃中小企业信用担保机构近年来发展迅速，但仍存在诸多问题，应当制定科学的发展战略，采取建立健全风险防范和分散机制、优化外部环境、规范行业发展等措施，完善信用担保体系，促进甘肃省中小企业信用担保体系健康快速发展。     

有限责任的扩张与限制——以有限责任向中小企业的扩张为视角

自1892年起,伴随中小企业投资者适用有限责任的强烈要求,有限责任开始向中小企业扩张:从适用于有限责任公司到一人公司,后突破法人和公司框架,再扩张到合伙企业。有限责任的扩张本质是社会经济发展的需要,在法理上,责任形态契约观、民主平等理论等也为其扩张提供了理论支撑。在有限责任积极向中小企业扩张的同时,基于中小企业信用客观较低、侵权责任属于民事责任、责任形态契约观对侵权之债不适用以及侵权法保护存在局限等原因,应当对有限责任进行一定的限制,即限制中小企业中有限责任对侵权责任的适用。     

How do interests,ideas, and institutions affect multisectoral governance? The case of tobacco governance in two Pacific small island developing states

Multisectoral governance has been recognized to be vital to regulate harmful commodity industries, yet countries struggle with reaching policy coherence due to government agencies' conflicting mandates and industry interference. Limited empirical evidence is available on how interests, ideas, and institutions intersect and influence multisectoral governance in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Pacific small island developing states (PSIDS), often exploited by vested industry interests and whose non-communicable disease crisis commands urgent action to regulate harmful commodities. This study assessed the ways interests, ideas, and institutions intersect and shape multisectoral tobacco governance in PSIDS. Interviewee data collected in Fiji and Vanuatu show that the idea of individual responsibility, the limited recognition of commercial determinants of health, the centralization of authority, and the vulnerabilities of small island developing states, (including small population, land, economy, geographic isolation, and status as a developing economy), prevent these states from achieving policy coherence in multisectoral tobacco governance.     

利率市场化及中小银行的对策研究

利率市场化是我国金融改革的重要目标之一 ,势在必行。我国的利率市场化改革必须选择渐进式的改革路径。“入世”将加快这一改革进程。在 WTO过渡期内 ,我国将实行管理浮动利率制。对中小银行而言 ,这既是挑战 ,也是机遇。中小银行的对策包括苦练内功 ,加强合作以及争取相应的政策支持。     

建立陕西中小企业融资体系探析

中小企业在经济发展中存在的主要问题是缺乏健全的信用担保体系和直接融资渠道不畅等,陕西省中小企业信用担保体系,是省政府为推动中小企业发展,解决中小企业融资难、担保难的问题,由政府出资而建立的,陕西中小企业担保事业的发展,将对陕西中小企业发展带来更多的机遇。