欧盟食品安全风险评估制度的基本原则之评析

以欧盟《统一食品安全法》和专门负责食品安全风险评估的欧盟食品安全管理局的相关指引以及其他与欧盟食品安全风险监管有关的政策为主要考察对象,可以发现欧盟食品安全风险评估制度的基本原则有四项,即科学上的卓越性原则、独立性原则、透明性原则和公众协商性原则。通过评析这些基本原则的主要含义、之所以成为基本原则的原因以及这些基本原则得以实现的具体机制,可以发现它们已经不是停留在纸面上的原则,这对我国食品安全风险评估制度的完善具有重要启发。     

论我国食品安全监管完善之路径

我国的食品安全监管问题,已成为社会各界广泛关注的热点和难题.多种因素影响,导致监管措施不力,困扰着食品安全监管效能的发挥.对此,应当不断补充和修订相关法律法规,整合及提高食品安全标准体系,建立一个相对独立、有自主性的食品安全监管机构;同时,加强食品安全信息披露和安全预警体系,规范监管者的行政问责制,鼓励多元化主体参与食品安全监管,构建外部监督机制,使政府监管与行业协会、企业自律结合共同保障我国食品安全,日趋形成科学的监管制度.     

论食品监管渎职罪的立法完善与食品安全犯罪的遏制

食品监管渎职罪和受贿罪都是国家公职人员实施的职务犯罪,按两罪并罚处理不仅能体现刑罚公平,也是罪责刑相适应的要求。此外,对负有食品安全监管职责的国家工作人员明知生产者和销售者制售不符合安全标准的食品或有毒有害的食品而提供帮助的,按相应的共同犯罪论处;同时应贯彻刑罚必然性与刑罚及时原则,重视罚金刑和没收财产刑的适用,强化刑罚的消极预防与积极预防的整体效果,以有效遏制食品安全犯罪。     

食品安全监管视角下的民事责任制度研究

我国食品安全监管领域依然存在很多问题,解决的关键是建立完善的食品安全民事法律责任制度。缘于食品领域侵权行为的特殊性,要明确民事责任的构成要件,核心是无过错责任原则的判断规则。由于食品领域事故的多发性和损害结果的范围广、后果严重,所以在制度上确立连带责任制度和惩罚性赔偿制度极为关键。     

Food Import Dependency in Cuba: Still the ‘Achilles’ Heel of the Revolution'?

The ‘Special Period in Peacetime’ plunged Cuba into an austerity programme of great severity. The crisis forced agriculture to shift dramatically from a model based on trade dependency (sugar exports providing most of the foreign currency) to one prioritising food import substitution. This alternative brought about major transformations in the country's agriculture. It revolutionised food production and decentralised land ownership. This article asks whether or not these changes reduced food dependency in Cuba. It provides an updated picture of Cuba's food import dependency, with a particular emphasis on the increased role of small farmers in food production during the 2000s.     

食品药品犯罪侦查专业力量建设实证研究

在食品药品犯罪猖獗的情形下,构建专业的侦查力量无疑是解决问题的关键。虽然目前对组建专业食品药品犯罪侦查队伍还存在争议,但是食品药品安全在保障人民群众生命健康、社会发展、国家稳定中的基础地位是不言而喻的。为此,在实证调研的基础上,通过剖析目前食品药品犯罪案件侦查的队伍现状,分析问题产生的原因,论证建设专业侦查队伍的必要性,以期解决食品药品犯罪侦查中的瓶颈。     

The labor of agrodiversity in a Moroccan oasis

This paper examines the recent history of peasant farming in a Moroccan oasis to reflect on the relationship between agrodiversity, labor and tradition in contemporary smallholder systems. Many agrarian scholars and food sovereignty activists emphasize the role of peasant farmers in protecting agricultural biodiversity. This paper argues that certain kinds of agrodiversity may in fact be ‘new', a product of recent agrarian transformations that adapt and in some cases reject agricultural traditions. Ethnographic research in pre-Saharan Morocco found that some households used migration remittances to experiment with new crops and produce for the market for the first time. In recognizing the ambivalent relationship peasant farmers may have towards tradition, this paper contends that it is important to locate a political economy of agrodiversity in the larger context of the contemporary agrarian question and to relate agrodiversity to the changing labor regimes that enable peasant farming systems.     

The Food Preferences of the Blow Fly Lucilia cuprina Offered Human Blood,Semen and Saliva,and Various Nonhuman Foods Sources

As human DNA profiles can be obtained from blow fly artifacts, this study aimed to establish the feeding preferences of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) blow flies when offered human biological fluids and nonhuman food sources. One‐day‐old and 3‐day‐old blow flies of both sexes were simultaneously offered human blood, semen and saliva, pet food, canned tuna and honey, and the number and length of visits documented over 6 h. One‐day‐old flies visited pet food and honey most often, but stayed longest on honey and semen. Three‐day‐old flies visited semen and pet food most often, and stayed longest on these food sources. Blood and saliva were the least preferred options for all flies. Overall, flies preferred dry blood and semen to the wet forms. These findings demonstrate that even when other food sources are available, flies at a crime scene may feed on human biological fluids if present, potentially transferring human DNA.     

试论新一轮粮食流通体制改革目标

新一轮粮食流通体制改革的直接目标,是让市场在粮食调节中发挥基础性作用,让国有粮食流通企业成为真正的市场经营主体,让中央政府及其粮食管理部门通过间接的、经济的手段调控粮食的供产销。长期目标是保证粮食稳定供给和粮食经济安全。衍生目标是调动粮农种粮的积极性,以及尽可能降低财政负担。     

传播与大学生食品消费

对北京五所高校大学生进行的调研发现,在大学生日常的食品消费中,传播的影响主要是通过人际传播实现的。大学生在食品消费中的决策深受同伴(同辈群体)的影响。广告主要是电视广告对大学生选择零食与饮料影响比较大。校园内的传播媒介对学生日常消费层面的响应和介入不足。