对我国食品安全现状的思考

食品是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,食品安全已远远超越人们对维持生命基本物质需要这样的简单层次,但我国的食品安全监管尚存在诸多问题,导致＂毒奶粉＂等食品安全事件频发。因此,需要从完善我国食品安全监管体制、建立食品安全监管的保障体系、提高食品安全监管效能、建立食品安全突发事件应急机制、建立食品安全监管的社会推动机制等五个方面提出对策建议,以此促进我国食品安全事业的健康发展。     

The Fallout to the Guide to the Proposed Basin Plan

The political fallout from the release of the Guide to the Proposed Basin Plan in the Murray‐Darling is illustrative of the difficulties associated with reallocating water resources in this context. The response of Minister Burke has been somewhat predictable, with a resurgent interest in public subsidy of irrigation infrastructure evident. This article is used to examine the policy background to the Guide and critically consider further subsidy of irrigation infrastructure. The article concludes that infrastructure investment at the expense of the public purse will fail to deal with the problems at hand and generate a plethora of additional future problems.     

Laryngeal Choking on Food and Acute Ethanol Intoxication in Adults—An Autopsy Study*

Abstract: The retrospective autopsy study included 98 adults who died because of laryngeal choking on a bolus of food: 67 men and 31 women (χ² = 6.843, p < 0.01), average age 58.61 ± 15.87 years (range 26–92 years). Most of the subjects had poor dentition (χ² = 34.327, p < 0.01). Twenty individuals died in medical institutions, and 78 were nonhospitalized individuals. More than a third of the nonhospitalized individuals were under the influence of ethanol at the moment of death: average blood concentration 8.3 g/dL (SD = 11.0), ranged from 5.0 to 36.0. Nonhospitalized persons were at the moment of event more often under influence of ethanol than the subjects in control group (χ² = 38.874, p < 0.01), and at the same time significantly more intoxicated (z = −7.126, p < 0.01). Our study pointed out that poor dentition and impairment of the swallowing reflex, as a consequence of ethanol intoxication in individuals without mental disorders, were the most important risk factors for bolus death.     

零工经济从业者工作时间配置与生活质量：抑制还是促进？

工作时间配置有数量和结构两层含义，具体表现为工作绝对时长、工作相对时长以及各种工作 时间占比。研究基于时间配置视角，将个人生活质量分为工作生活质量、闲暇生活质量、家庭生活质量以及生 理生活质量 4 个维度，以外卖骑手为研究对象，通过问卷调查收集数据，并采用结构方程模型分析工作时间配 置对零工经济从业者生活质量的影响。实证结果表明：零工经济从业者工作绝对时长变化会产生收入效应、倦 怠效应和替代效应，与工作生活质量呈 M 型非线性关系，与闲暇生活质量、家庭生活质量和生理生活质量均呈 倒 U 型关系；工作相对时长则会通过抑制工作恢复降低工作、闲暇以及生理生活质量；对于外卖骑手而言，对 骑手工作依赖度越高，其生活质量越低。研究建议，应健全和完善制度体系，培养劳动者多维技能，让劳动者 科学管理工作时间，以提升零工经济从业者的生活质量。     

“Carrying the black pot”: Food safety and risk in China's reactive regulatory state

This paper explores the struggles of China's party-state to address chronic food safety problems by adopting international best practices of risk-based regulation. Despite formally adopting risk-based approaches for targeting inspections and enforcement in 2002, implementation has been halting and uneven, as we show in the first analysis of risk-based regulation beyond its OECD heartlands. Drawing on policy document analysis and 36 key informant interviews with food business operators and government officials working on food safety regulation at every level of the state, we identify contradictions between official commitments to risk-based inspection and top-down demands for zero tolerance and strict accountability, which leave local inspectors preoccupied with avoiding blame more than reducing safety risks. Our analysis advances recent scholarship on regulatory states of the global South by highlighting how risk-based ideas, instruments, and practices are refracted through the distinctive norms and style of China's reactive regulatory state.