关于“普鲁士式道路”的典型性问题再认识

马克思主义经典作家一般把“英国式道路”看作是现代农业资本主义发展的典型形态，而把“普鲁士式道路”看作只是一个例外。这种改良的道路是在最大限度地保留农奴制残余的基础上，把封建领主制经济缓慢地转化为带有资本主义性质的容克地主经济，不仅使农民长期遭受资本主义和封建制度的双重剥削，而且把德意志民族带入军国主义的泥潭而不能自拔。二战结束后，东德通过实行民主土地改革和农业社会主义改造，彻底铲除了容克地主阶级的生存土壤，“普鲁士式的道路”走向历史终结。德国实现统一后，德东地区进行的土地私有化和市场化改革并没有像西德那样完全实行小规模的家庭农场经营，而是继续保持大型国营农场和农业合作社在经营规模、机械化水平、农业劳动生产率等方面的优势。这对于我国目前正在进行的小农经济改造和现代农业发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

The Early Cold War and American Political Development: Reflections on Recent Research

This paper is a review essay of three books representing new research into the relationship between Cold War mobilization and postwar American political development: Michael Hogan, A Cross of Iron: Harry S. Truman and the Origins of the National Security State, 1945–1954 (Cambridge University Press, 1998); Guy Oakes, The Imaginary War: Civil Defense and American Cold War Culture (Oxford University Press, 1994); and Peter Trubowitz, Defining the National Interest: Conflict and Change in American Foreign Policy (University of Chicago Press, 1998).     

The Constitutional State in the Political Philosophy of Johannes Althusius

The central questions of this article are: a) Based on what arguments defended Johannes Althusius the distinction between the private and public life sphere? b) What kind of relationships exist between the state on the one hand, and private and other public associations on the other hand? c) Based on what arguments may the government restrict actions of citizens and private associations? Answering these questions leads to the conclusion that Althusius should be mentioned as one of the founding fathers of the liberal constitutional state.     

The Distribution of Household Property Crimes

Previous studies have established that repeat victimizations occur more frequently than would be expected if households within a particular area were victimized randomly. This implies that characteristics of the household affect the victimization rate. Even controlling for these characteristics, we find that a Poisson model does not capture the distribution of victimizations because repeat victimizations are more concentrated than it would indicate. This leads us to adopt the negative binomial generalization of the Poisson model. Our analysis uses sociodemographic attributes of the household and community-level characteristics to predict victimizations, with the victimization data being the observed number of property crime victimizations from the 1992 British Crime Survey. The negative binomial generalization is found to be highly statistically significant and the crime concentration it implies becomes much more marked as the predicted number of victimizations increases.     

基于服务国家战略行动的民办高校办学特色实践研究——以广西东方外语职业学院为例

我国历来非常重视高等学校的办学特色。办学特色是一所高校赖以生存和发展的生命线,而对于民办高校更是如此,决定着它的生命力和竞争力。广西东方外语职业学院在6年的办学实践中,积极融入国家西部大开发战略、广西北部湾经济区开放开发和中国—东盟自由贸易区建设中去,主动服务国家发展战略,初步形成了＂坐‘北’朝‘东’,‘双轨’育人,把‘小’做大,把‘外’做强,‘复合’出品＂的办学特色。     

论中国农地产权制度市场化改革的思想障碍

我国现行的农地产权制度安排是城乡两大利益集团博弈的直接结果.由于农民政治权力弱小又缺乏土地权益的法律保障,以任何借口阻挠农地产权市场化改革,都是为了维护城市既得利益集团的需要.目前,除了政府不肯轻易放弃廉价占用农民土地的经济利益之外,这一制度安排还得到了理论界一些权威人士的舆论支持.这些理论观点主要包括:应消灭一切土地私有制,土地集中兼并将导致农民两极分化、不利于兼顾土地的公平与效率、确保农民的基本生活保障与国家粮食安全,农地私有化将提高国家基础设施建设成本等等.因此,澄清理论界对于下一步深化农地产权制度市场化改革理论上的认识误区,具有重大的理论与实践意义.     

贯彻司法为民 彰显人文关怀——关于刑事被害人救助制度若干问题研究

现代刑事被害人国家救助制度源于英国，是体现司法人文关怀的一项重要措施。在我国，现代意义上的刑事被害人救助制度肇始2004年，2009正式建立。随着实践的发展，司法实务部门和理论界对刑事被害人救助制度的研究也不断深入，取得了不少可喜的成果，对一些重大问题的认识也渐趋统一，但对我国刑事被害人救助制度究竟应当如何定位，也就是说我国刑事被害人救助制度的法律属性是什么，还需要进一步明确。作为一项新生事物，我国经济、社会发展的实际情况决定了刑事被害人救助制度在我国的发展必然是一个渐进的过程，短期内不可能期望该制度全面解决刑事被害人所面临的各种困难，因此必须要将刑事被害人救助制度与现行的其他制度结合起来，形成一整套刑事被害人保障机制。     

State Government,Political Competition and Education Reform: Comparative Lessons from Brazil

The article explores the connection between democratisation, decentralisation and sub‐national policy making. It seeks to explain variation in the policy choices that were made by Brazilian state governments in the definition of school governance structures following the return to democracy. Whereas some state governments decided to institute the election of school principals by parents, students and teachers, others decided on the maintenance of opaque and discretionary practices that secured the distribution of school posts according to political criteria. The research relies on primary comparative evidence from three states: Bahia, Ceará and Minas Gerais. The argument is that the institutional choices made by state governments depended on the structure of political competition and on the extent and intensity of elite divisions at the state level.     

孙子的“重战、慎战、善战”思想及其当代价值

孙子从春秋战国时期战乱频发的社会现实出发,以兵家独有的现实主义态度和战略家的睿智,提出了"重战、慎战、善战"的战略思想.这一战略思想,对于当代中国实现富国与强军、走和平发展道路、维护国家安全和发展利益,具有重要的借鉴意义.     

论我国贪污罪主体的立法沿革与趋向

1997年刑法颁布前,我国对贪污罪主体的立法始终缺乏内在的统一标准,有时侧重于贪污罪主体的形式特点,有时又侧重于贪污罪主体的实质特点,导致了贪污罪的主体范围时而扩大,时而缩小。1997年刑法中以贪污罪主体的实质特点为主线,以贪污罪主体的形式特点为辅线,设定了相对合理的贪污罪主体及其范围。但是,在新形势下,受国有资产的保护方式、市场经济主体的平等保护、主体立法模式、与职务侵占罪的互补关系等多种因素的驱动,贪污罪主体的设定仍需进一步修正。