Healthy voting: The effect of self-reported health on turnout in 30 countries

Based on five rounds of European social survey (ESS), we examine both the direct and indirect effect of health, channelled by social connectedness, on turnout in 30 countries. Our analysis is the first attempt to make a comprehensive account of the magnitude of health in electoral participation. The results show that health has an effect on turnout and that it is notably larger among older people. The impact of health is partly mediated by social connectedness, which suggests that attenuated health may weaken an individual's social network which in turn depresses voting.     

关于山西省公安信息化建设的调研报告

通过对山西省公安机关信息化建设的专题调研,发现公安信息化普遍存在信息化能量远未得到释放、情报信息工作仍处于相对低水平发展阶段等问题。必须以科学发展观为指导,立足山西的省情、警情、社情,切实提高公安信息化应用水平,推动公安信息化建设全面协调可持续发展。     

邪教防控对策研究——浙江省大学生邪教防控知识问卷调查

以邪教倾向性人格为切入点,以高校学生为主要研究对象,专门设计调查问卷。调研结果显示,大学生的主流是积极、健康的,有科学的人生观、价值观,家庭、学校生活和谐,对宗教和邪教也有正确的认识。但在当前社会形势下,大学生信仰状况仍呈现出矛盾性、非理性、多样性和可塑性的特征。部分大学生对当今社会表示不满;否认道德对人的发展的作用;对自己的前途感到迷茫;部分大学生有迷信思想,甚至对邪教抱一定的赞同态度。因此,必须加强对大学生的思想政治教育工作,培育其科学精神;加强高校反邪工作,充分发挥学生主观能动性;宣传宗教政策,挤压邪教生存空间;关心学生心理健康,重视学生精神需求;坚守网络阵地,净化网络环境;优化知识结构,提高学生综合素质;鼓励理论研究,探索邪教防控新对策。     

国际贸易中海运货差探析

在国际贸易海上货物运输过程中,货差（货物短量）的现象司空见惯。货差发生的原因众多,其中包括运输过程中的运输允耗、装卸允耗和衡重误差等,即通常所说的5‰合理损耗问题。相关国际公约和《中华人民共和国海商法》对此都没有明文规定,给海事审判工作带来诸多不便。从承运人、托运人和提单持有人对合理损耗认识,结合相关案例,对大宗散装货物由于水尺计重在货物交付时发生的货差问题进行分析,借此引起提单持有人、承运人及其代理人对此问题的注意,以进一步维护提单持有人、承运人的利益。     

苏联政党制度的嬗变：历史考察与理论剖析

十月革命后,苏联的政党制度经历了从多党制的设想、多党合作制的短暂尝试到一党制的最终定型的转变。20世纪八九十年代,苏联的政党制度再度发生根本性的变化,从一党制转向多党制、并以苏共最终丧失执政地位为收场。马克思主义执政党应从苏联政党制度的嬗变中吸取深刻教训。     

Analysis of the Federal District’s Legislative Chamber in the Information Age

The study investigates the satisfaction with the work of the parliament of Brazilian Federal District. The survey was based on the competencies extracted from the institutional mission and targeted citizens who frequently use social networks. Inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The results showed a great unsatisfaction about the institution. The most satisfied respondents are the less educated, while the most educated, older, and highest income respondents are the most unsatisfied. The results also highlighted the low interaction between respondents and the Chamber, the absence of an effective official communication channel, and actions associated with sustainable economic development will be more effective in increasing satisfaction.     

警察培训需求调查统计与分析 ——以陕西警官职业学院为例

警察培训需求分析既是警察培训的首要环节,也是警察培训评估的基础,决定了警察培训的价值与成本。通过问卷调查法、访谈法等方式对陕西警官职业学院警察培训需求进行统计与分析,发现培训过程中的问题与差距,以促进培训教师素质提升,满足培训学员的培训需求,提高警察培训质量,树立培训品牌形象。     

Attitudes and public punishment preferences: Finnish results of Scandinavian sense of justice research

Opinion polls have repeatedly shown that populations favour severe penalties for offenders. However, surveys using a case vignette method, where the attributes of the case described to the respondents are varied, produce more versatile results. Such research gives a nuanced picture of punitive attitudes. In this study, the sentence decisions of laypeople who are informed about the offender’s criminal history, ethnic background, gender, social issues and substance abuse were examined.

A representative mail survey collected in Finland as part of Scandinavian sense of justice research was used as empirical data. Respondents were presented with six criminal cases and asked to determine sentences for them. All respondents received the same vignettes, but the background attributes of the offenders varied randomly.

This study showed that all the background attributes had a clear connection to the sentence decisions. Considering these results, the idea of a ‘general punitive attitude’, which is commonly used in academic literature, appears to be too simple of a way to look at the relationship between attitudes and punishment decisions.     

Majority representation and legitimacy: Survey-experimental evidence from the European Union

What can policy makers do in day-to-day decision making to strengthen citizens' belief that the political system is legitimate? Much literature has highlighted that the realization of citizens' personal preferences in policy making is an important driver of legitimacy beliefs. We argue that citizens, in addition, also care about whether a policy represents the preferences of the majority of citizens, even if their personal preference diverges from the majority's. Using the case of the European Union (EU) as a system that has recurringly experienced crises of public legitimacy, we conduct a vignette survey experiment in which respondents assess the legitimacy of fictitious EU decisions that vary in how they were taken and whose preferences they represent. Results from original surveys conducted in the five largest EU countries show that the congruence of EU decisions not only with personal opinion but also with different forms of majority opinion significantly strengthens legitimacy beliefs. We also show that the most likely mechanism behind this finding is the application of a ‘consensus heuristic’, by which respondents use majority opinion as a cue to identify legitimate decisions. In contrast, procedural features such as the consultation of interest groups or the inclusiveness of decision making in the institutions have little effect on legitimacy beliefs. These findings suggest that policy makers can address legitimacy deficits by strengthening majority representation, which will have both egotropic and sociotropic effects.     

Nordic Cultural Baselines: Accounting for Domestic Convergence and Foreign Policy Divergence

The five Nordic countries converged remarkably when developing domestic institutions, but they diverged significantly when developing foreign policies. Grid-group theory prescribes four contending cultures—hierarchy, egalitarianism, individualism, and fatalism—and offers a basis for understanding the structure of political coalitions and conflicts. Surveys from the five Nordic countries measuring cultural baselines are used to estimate the degree of convergence and divergence. The countries converge with reference to high agreement with egalitarianism, individualism, and hierarchy, and disagreement with fatalism. This concords with the historically strong regime of social democracy in this region. The five countries diverge with reference to their foreign policy in that they polarize along two dimensions. To the east, there is increasing fatalism associated with countries not being members of NATO; to the north, there is increasing egalitarianism associated with countries not being members of the European Union. Given the importance of popular support through referenda, an eventual accession of Norway and Iceland to the EU cannot happen unless egalitarianism diminishes among their publics.