占有行为的规范分析

占有行为是指占有的取得或丧失行为,它既不同于遗失等可归于自然事实的占有取得或丧失,也不同于埋藏物发现等形式上有占有要素、但该要素并无实质效用的形似行为,还不同于善意占有变为恶意占有等占有变更。占有行为包括了取得占有或丧失占有的目的意思,该意思不能独立于取得或丧失对物支配的事实状态,故占有行为是目的意思不独立的事实行为。尽管占有行为与法律行为相当不同,但它们之间存有协力、制约、衔接、并存等紧密的规范关联。在法律效果归属领域,在适用占有辅助规范和间接占有规范的基础上,还应类推适用代理规范。     

公务员对待廉政教育的政治态度的影响因素研究

本文运用理论分析、文献分析、访谈和开放式问卷等方法,搜集潜在的影响因素;基于两轮问卷调查,运用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析,确定了6类20项影响因素。在对结论进行分析的基础上尝试构建了影响因素模型。该模型显示,内部要素是公务员对待廉政教育的政治态度的根本影响因素,具体开展的廉政教育作为外在刺激是公务员对待廉政教育的政治态度形成的实践基础;身份特征、政治倾向等个人因素在此过程中发挥着内在作用,同时,这种作用还受他人态度和反腐形势等环境因素的影响。     

Textual Information in Management Earnings Forecast，Language Features and Market Responses

Based on corporate behavioral finance theory, this paper studies the impact of textual information of management earning forecast and its language characteristics on market response. Using the data of listed company from 2012 to 2016, this paper finds that the optimism of textual information has a positive effect on stock returns. However, this effect is affected by the language features of textual information, more specifically, the market response toward textual information is weakening with the exaggeration or bias of language. This phenomenon indicates the effectiveness of the China capital market. This paper extends the research area of textual information and management earning forecast, and provides new evidences to corporate behavioral finance theory.     

与魔幻、荒诞无关：扎西达娃研究的一种路径

对藏族文化传统的关注和思考,是扎西达娃小说一以贯之的主题.藏族仪式、民俗是作者借以表达此主题的文化形式.从《朝佛》到《西藏,隐秘岁月》,作者有一个简单批判到犹豫反思再到深刻领悟的思考过程.扎西达娃的创作始终植根于藏族文化的深厚土壤,他一直在追问：藏族文化的精髓到底是什么？如何存在？因此,扎西达娃的小说是“西藏”的,与魔幻和荒诞并无多大关联.     

The state of the art in privacy impact assessment

There is growing interest in Europe in privacy impact assessment (PIA). The UK introduced the first PIA methodology in Europe in 2007, and Ireland followed in 2010. PIAs provide a way to detect potential privacy problems, take precautions and build tailored safeguards before, not after, the organisation makes heavy investments in the development of a new technology, service or product. This paper presents some findings from the Privacy Impact Assessment Framework (PIAF) project and, in particular, the project's first deliverable, which analyses the similarities and differences between PIA methodologies in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, with a view to picking out the best elements which could be used in constructing an optimised PIA methodology for Europe. The project, which began in January 2011, is being undertaken for the European Commission's Directorate General Justice. The first deliverable was completed in September. The paper provides some background on privacy impact assessment, identifies some of its benefits and discusses elements that can be used in construction of a state-of-the-art PIA methodology.     

Exploring a New View： Judicial Activism of Justice Attestation Quantitative Analysis fromPerspective of Procedure

随着社会经济的迅速发展,司法实践对法官能力提出了更高的要求。赋予法官司法能动权,改变传统的司法运行模式,不仅需要在刑事诉讼中营造有助于法官能动性发挥的外部环境,还要探寻激励法官能力提升的内在因素。刑事认证程序是法官发挥司法能动性的重要领域,通过对这一阶段法官心证的定量化分析,可以直观掌握不同因素影响法官司法能动性发挥的现状,进而采用合理搭配各学历层次法官比例、优化法院内部考核及选任方式、培养法官整体性思维等方式提升法官能动性的发挥。     

犯罪预备形态的价值分析

不同国家基于本国历史、文化、经济、政治等多方面的原因,对犯罪预备形态的处罚原则也不尽相同。社会的变革与震荡深刻影响着立法者的立法观念与刑事政策。犯罪预备形态作为一种犯罪现象,如何予以刑法上的规制,体现着法的事实分析和法的价值分析的对立统一。应当运用价值分析的方法,从一般价值到法的价值,再到刑法价值的思维路径,探寻犯罪预备形态真正的价值所在。     

有限责任内涵的实证分析——一种公司损失分摊的法律规则

有限责任既不是公司的法律责任,也不是股东的法律责任,而是一种公司损失的分摊规则。从实证角度分析,有限责任是股东分摊公司有限损失的一种制度设计。根据有限责任规则,股东对公司损失实行定额分摊,而社会﹙主要但不限于债权人﹚则实行余额分摊。鉴于公司损失涉及到社会分摊问题,公司不仅是利益共同体,也是损失共同体,这是公司相关制度刚性设计的基础。     

DNA recovery after sequential processing of latent fingerprints on copy paper

Forensic examiners must determine whether both latent fingerprint development and DNA profiling can be performed on the same area of an evidence item and, if only one is possible, which examination offers the best chance for identification. Latent fingerprints can be enhanced by targeting different components of fingerprint residues with sequential chemical treatments. This study investigated the effects of single-reagent and sequential latent fingerprint development processes on downstream DNA analysis to determine the point at which latent fingerprint development should be stopped to allow for DNA recovery. Latent fingerprints deposited on copy paper by one donor were developed using three sequential processes: 1,8-diazafluoren-9-one (DFO) → ninhydrin → physical developer (PD); 1,2-indanedione-zinc (IND-Zn) → ninhydrin → PD; and IND-Zn → ninhydrin → Oil Red O (ORO) → PD. Samples were examined after the addition of each chemical treatment. DNA was collected with cotton swabs, extracted, quantified, and amplified. DNA yields, peak heights, number of alleles obtained, and percentage of DNA profiles eligible for CODIS upload were examined. DNA profiles were obtained with varying degrees of success, depending on the number and type of treatments used for latent fingerprint development. The treatments that were found to be the least harmful to downstream DNA analysis were IND-Zn and IND-Zn/laser, and the most detrimental treatments were DFO, DFO/laser, and PD. In general, as the number of treatments increase, the opportunities for DNA loss or damage also increase, and it is preferable to use fewer treatments when developing latent fingerprints prior to downstream DNA processing.     

Why Foundations Flourish: A Comparative Policy Framework to Understand Policy Support for Foundations across Countries*

Abstract

Philanthropic foundations have bloomed since the 1990s, contributing to the expansion of third sectors worldwide. This research aims to contribute to the comparative analysis of the policy conditions that shape the development – size and structure – of foundation fields across countries. A framework for comparative policy analysis encompassing key dimensions of policy support – policy milestones, levers, and alternatives – is proposed and applied to five southwestern European countries. Results demonstrate that although Spain, France, Italy, Belgium, and Portugal have been traditionally clustered under the same corporatist foundation model, their foundation fields vary widely in terms of size, structure and institutional embeddedness.