H19基因上游差异性甲基化区SNPs多态性研究

目的获得H19基因上游差异性甲基化区中SNPs的群体遗传学信息。方法采用PCR和测序技术,对105例中国北方汉族健康无关个体H19上游启动子区检测;使用Haploview 4.1和PowerStats V12软件进行统计学分析。选用甲基化敏感的限制内切酶(msRE)HpaⅡ,检测5个家系样本H19等位基因的亲代来源。结果测序结果显示,H19启动子区含有13个SNPs,组成5种单倍型,13种单倍型组合,其个体识别能力为0.856、多态性信息含量为0.67、非父排除率为0.498。经msRE HpaⅡ消化母源等位基因后,进行PCR及测序分析,检测出父源等位基因,排除1例和肯定4例家系的亲缘关系。结论 DNA甲基化标记和SNPs多态性检测,可同时进行多态性分型并确定等位基因的亲代来源,具有较高的法医学应用价值。     

Restorative justice ideology among High School teachers in Ghana: investigating the role of collectivism and personality

ABSTRACT

Studies on Restorative Justice (RJ) ideology in school settings have largely focused on Western societies, to the neglect of African societies. This means that variables relevant to the Ghanaian setting that might be associated with RJ ideology have not been examined. The current study investigates the association between High School teachers’ Collectivism, Openness to Experience (OE), and their idea of Restoration. Analysis of data from 191 (Male = 128, Female = 63) teachers in Accra indicated that Collectivism and OE both predicted the idea of Restoration. This suggests that both Collectivism and OE are important resources that may help teachers embrace the idea of restoring a student offender to morally acceptable behaviour. This and other findings are discussed.     

‘Catching’ and ‘Targeting’: Risk‐Based Policing,Local Culture and Gendered Practices

The aim of this article is to explore cultural and practical aspects of the growing use of information and communication technology (ICT) in policing. By using empirical research on policing in Norway, the focus will be on how ICT is used as a crime prevention instrument in everyday police work and culture. The transition, which the new technologies mediate, will be explored by focusing on concepts of risk and materialization of risk‐based policing at the practice level in two cases: 1) a special unit fighting serious and organized crime utilizing proactive policing methods, police informers, crime profiling and databases, and 2) a police station focusing on low‐level crime by using a problem‐oriented policing model, transmitting responsibility for personal security onto identified ‘problem‐owners’.1 ‘Problem‐owner’ is a notion used by the police in the two cases. It is referring to the POP‐model, and whom they identify as important to participate in the risk‐management. According to Wright (: 121): “Partnership refers to a purposeful relationship between the police and the public or between the police and other agencies in the field.” Based on an examination of risk phenomena as contextual, embedded in practice and cultural settings, various stories about risk management will be told. The stories reflect different control strategies in the crime control discourses, and point to how risk‐based technologies are shaped and adapted in occupational culture and practice. The article illuminates the importance of studying the empirical complexity ICT is used in, and looks towards, to paraphrase O'Malley and Palmer (), ‘firewalls of resistance’ in the local occupational culture, that are preventing full integration of risk tools.     

Science Use in Regulatory Impact Analysis: The Effects of Political Attention and Controversy

Scholars, policy makers, and research sponsors have long sought to understand the conditions under which scientific research is used in the policy‐making process. Recent research has identified a resource that can be used to trace the use of science across time and many policy domains. U.S. federal agencies are mandated by executive order to justify all economically significant regulations by regulatory impact analyses (RIAs), in which they present evidence of the scientific underpinnings and consequences of the proposed rule. To gain new insight into when and how regulators invoke science in their policy justifications, we ask: does the political attention and controversy surrounding a regulation affect the extent to which science is utilized in RIAs? We examine scientific citation activity in all 101 economically significant RIAs from 2008 to 2012 and evaluate the effects of attention—from the public, policy elites, and the media—on the degree of science use in RIAs. Our main finding is that regulators draw more heavily on scientific research when justifying rules subject to a high degree of attention from outside actors. These findings suggest that scientific research plays an important role in the justification of regulations, especially those that are highly salient to the public and other policy actors.     

30个InDel位点在华东汉族和畲族人群的法医学应用

目的 评估Investigator（R） DIPplex试剂盒中30个插入/缺失（insertion/deletion,InDel）多态性位点在华东汉族和畲族人群的法医学应用价值.方法 采用Investigator（R） DIPplex试剂盒对华东地区565名汉族和119名畲族无关个体进行分型检测,统计分析30个位点的等位基因频率和群体遗传学参数.结果 在华东汉族人群中平均Ho为0.413 3,平均DP为0.551 1,平均PIC为0.320 0.在畲族人群中平均Ho为0.389 6,平均DP为0.543 3,平均PIC为0.3100.30个位点在汉族、畲族人群中均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P＞0.05）.结论 Investigator（R） DIPplex试剂盒包含的30个位点在华东汉族和畲族中多态性良好,在特殊亲权鉴定案件中可作为良好的补充体系.     

Climate resilient planning in Bangladesh: a review of progress and early experiences of moving from planning to implementation

Bangladesh is one of the first least developed countries (LDCs) to develop a long-term climate change strategy, the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP). Two funds were set up after developing the BCCSAP, one using government resources (BCCTF) and the other using donor resources (BCCRF). This paper uses the “building blocks” framework to analyse changes that occur when progressing from planning to finance and implementation by comparing the BCCRF and BCCTF. This analysis reveals how governance enablers are influenced by political economy dynamics that steer funding decisions and implementation outcomes, and provides lessons for countries pursuing climate resilience.     

南海问题中的印度因素浅析

南海问题虽然是中国与某些东南亚国家之间的双边海上领土争议,但其域外影响因素却正在发酵。除由来已久的美国因素外,印度——一个有着地区大国抱负的南亚国家——的影响日益显现。自上个世纪90年代印度制定并实施东向政策以来,南海地区被界定为与印度国家战略和经济发展密切相关的延伸区域。近年来,印度在南海海域加大了战略投入,通过加强与东南亚海上国家的经济、政治和军事联系,积极介入南海问题。未来印度在南海问题中的作用变化值得进一步关注和评估。     

Adolescent Refusal of MMR Inoculation: F (Mother) v F (Father)

F (Mother) v F (Father) concerned a dispute between parents as to whether or not their 15 and 11 year old children should receive the MMR inoculation. Mrs Justice Theis took into consideration the wishes of both parents and the two ‘intelligent, articulate and thoughtful’ minors and held that inoculation was in their best interests. The troubled history of the MMR vaccine and its importance to public health provided the backdrop. Whilst the court's efforts to establish the views of the minors are to be commended, the decision is problematic in its assessment of the minors' individual medical interests and capacities, and in the significance placed on their views when determining whether inoculation would be in their best interests.     

牛霉形体免疫相关性蛋白P51的筛选与鉴定

为了筛选免疫原性蛋白,建立牛霉形体的快速诊断方法,利用二维凝胶(2-D)电泳、Western-blot分析及蛋白质谱分析,筛选出一个免疫相关性蛋白P51。以牛霉形体中国分离株Hubei-1为模板,扩增了p51基因,并克隆到原核表达载体pET32a上。结果显示,重组蛋白pET32a-p51与牛霉形体阳性血清的Dot-blotting试验结果为阳性,而Western-blotting试验结果为阴性。以pET32a-p51重组蛋白为包被抗原的ELISA试验表明其能与自然感染和人工感染牛霉形体的阳性血清发生特异性反应,而与灭活疫苗免疫的阳性血清不发生特异性反应,与牛传染性胸膜肺炎的阳性血清没有交叉反应。表明P51可能是牛霉形体特有的一种构象依赖性免疫相关蛋白,是一种有前景的诊断用抗原。     

中医脾与西医学对应脏腑的关系探讨

中医学所论述的脾在形态、位置、色泽等方面,更接近于西医学脾、胰两脏的结合;在生理功能方面,脾的"主统血,为谏议之官"功能与西医学脾在神经内分泌免疫系统系统中的作用有相似之处,脾主"主运化,为仓廪之官"的功能和西医学胰的功能有密切联系;在用药规律方面,归脾经的药物,对胰腺功能具有一定的调节作用;在糖尿病的中西医治疗方面,很多归脾经的药物都具有调节胰岛功能或促进胰岛再生作用;西医学研究认为,脾脏可提供成体前体细胞,促进胰岛细胞再生.中医学的脾在一定程度上包含了西医学的脾、胰二脏的功能.