溺死大鼠肺组织AQP-1、AQP-4的表达

目的观测生前溺死与死后抛入河水中大鼠肺组织水通道蛋白-1(aquaporin-1,AQP-1)、AQP-4的表达变化。方法将30只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为河水溺死组、抛尸入水组及脱颈致死组。HE染色观察各组大鼠肺组织形态学变化,实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组大鼠肺组织AQP-1、AQP-4 m RNA的表达,免疫组织化学、Western印迹法检测其蛋白表达。结果免疫组织化学法和Western印迹法检测河水溺死组AQP-1蛋白的表达高于抛尸入水组和脱颈致死组(P0.05)。免疫组织化学法显示河水溺死组AQP-4蛋白的表达高于抛尸入水组和脱颈致死组(P0.05),而Western印迹法未检测出三者的差别(P0.05)。河水溺死组大鼠肺组织的AQP-1、AQP-4 m RNA表达高于抛尸入水组(P0.05)。结论河水溺死组的大鼠在急性肺损伤时肺组织AQP-1、AQP-4 mRNA及蛋白表达增高可能对生前溺死与死后抛尸的鉴别有一定意义。     

论第三条道路思潮向西方青年的传播

西方第三条道路思潮作为一种政治思潮,主要是以青年政策为中介向青年传播的。这主要体现在提出与现时代社会青年相适应的政治行动思路;倡导与青年“新个人主义”相应的积极责任观;充分利用现代科技手段唤起青年的政治热情;配套实施相关的就业、教育、经济和社会政策促进青年发展等方面。第三条道路向西方青年传播对我们的启示在于;需要重视并创新性地去巩固党执政的青年基础;需要有效地向当代中国青年传播马克思主义。     

Form follows function: Applying photographic content analysis to forensic firearm identification

Drawing forensic conclusions from an image or a video is known as “photographic content analysis.” It involves the analysis of an image, as well as objects, actions, and events depicted in images or video. In recent years, photographic depictions of objects suspected as illegal firearms have substantially increased, appearing on CCTV surveillance footage, captured by mobile phones and shared on social media. However, the law in Israel states that a person can be charged with illegally possessing a firearm only if it can be proven that the object is capable of shooting with lethal bullet energy. This becomes more challenging in cases where the firearm was not physically seized, and the evidence exclusively consists of images and video. In this study, photographic content analysis was applied to images and video where objects suspected as commercial or improvised firearms had been depicted. An image and event sequence reconstruction video databases of both firearms and replicas were created in order to better define firearm-specific functional morphological features. We demonstrate that it is possible to classify an object as a firearm by analyzing the functional, and not only the esthetic, morphology in images and video. It is also shown that event sequence reconstruction in video may be used to infer that an object suspected as a firearm has the capacity to shoot by confirming the occurrence of a shooting act or shooting process. Thus, photographic content analysis may be used to forensically establish that an object depicted in an image or a video is a firearm by ruling out other known scenarios, and without physically seizing it.     

USB Storage Device Forensics for Windows 10

Significantly increased use of USB devices due to their user‐friendliness and large storage capacities poses various threats for many users/companies in terms of data theft that becomes easier due to their efficient mobility. Investigations for such data theft activities would require gathering critical digital information capable of recovering digital forensics artifacts like date, time, and device information. This research gathers three sets of registry and logs data: first, before insertion; second, during insertion; and the third, after removal of a USB device. These sets are analyzed to gather evidentiary information from Registry and Windows Event log that helps in tracking a USB device. This research furthers the prior research on earlier versions of Microsoft Windows and compares it with latest Windows 10 system. Comparison of Windows 8 and Windows 10 does not show much difference except for new subkey under USB Key in registry. However, comparison of Windows 7 with latest version indicates significant variances.     

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY RAILWAY BETWEEN CIM AND SMGS

China and some of its trade partners in Western Europe apply different legal regimes for international carriage of goods by railway — respectively Agreement on International Railway Freight Transportation (SMGS) and Uniform Rules Concerning the Contract of International Carriage of Goods by Rail (CIM). For transportation of goods by railway between China and Western Europe both the CIM and the SMGS are often applicable. China’s initiative “the Belt and Road” promotes development of railway transport in Eurasia and creates new incentives for comparative study between those two international legal systems. This article provides a brief historical outline of comparative studies between the CIM and SMGS. This article also purports to show that some similarities and differences between the two regimes might be better understood from the perspective of comparative legal history. Taking into account inter alia the common origin of the current versions of the CIM and SMGS in the 4th revision of the CIM of 1933, differences and similarities between two legal regimes have been analysed with regard to the following topics: the scope of application of the CIM and SMGS; the nature of the carrier’s liability under the CIM and SMGS; exclusivity of the CIM, exclusivity of the contract of carriage under the SMGS; period of responsibility; persons for whom the carrier is liable.     

Trace DNA collection—Performance of minitape and three different swabs

In this study two types of synthetic swabs and one commercially available minitape were tested and compared with the currently used cotton swab. The results indicate that there is no major difference in performance between the swabs for recovery of trace samples, and that the minitape is better suitable for recovering from absorbent materials than swabs are. However, no statistical calculations were carried out due to the low number of samples in each category.     

平喘宁对寒性哮喘大鼠PI3K/Akt信号通路相关信号分子表达的影响

目的 探讨平喘宁调节PI3K/Akt信号通路相关蛋白干预寒性哮喘大鼠的作用机制。方法 随机将105只SD健康雄性大鼠分为正常组、模型组、平喘宁高剂量组、平喘宁中剂量组、平喘宁低剂量组、桂龙咳喘宁组、地塞米松组,每组15只。除正常组外其余各组以卵蛋白进行致敏,并予以哮喘诱导及寒冷刺激。模型复制后,平喘宁高、中、低剂量组（14.6、7.3、3.7 g/kg）和地塞米松组（0.4 mg/kg）、桂龙咳喘宁组（0.4 g/kg）按相应剂量灌胃治疗,正常组和模型组用生理盐水代替。取肺组织,用苏木素-伊红染色法检测病理变化,实时荧光定量PCR法检测Bad、叉头蛋白O1（forkhead box protein O1,FKHR）、蛋白激酶C（protein kinase C,PKC） mRNA的表达水平。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织管壁明显增厚,支气管结构明显紊乱,有炎症细胞浸润等现象;与模型组比较,药物治疗组大鼠肺组织的病理变化均有所改善。与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肺组织Bad mRNA、FKHR mRNA、PKC mRNA表达差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,药物组Bad mRNA、FKHR mRNA、PKC mRNA表达差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,并且平喘宁对PKC、Bad、FKHR mRNA表达的效应具有剂量依赖性,平喘宁高剂量组作用优于其他药物组。结论 平喘宁可以通过调控PI3K/Akt信号传导通路中PKC、FKHR、Bad的表达水平,减缓寒哮大鼠肺组织气道重塑,减轻炎症反应,改善哮喘症状。     

黄连水煎液微粒体系对大鼠小肠上皮细胞紧密连接结构与紧密连接蛋白ZO-1表达的影响

目的 观察黄连水煎液微粒体系对大鼠小肠上皮细胞紧密连接结构与紧密连接蛋白-1（zonula occludens-1,ZO-1）表达的影响。方法 通过常规煎煮获得黄连水煎液,经高速离心得黄连水煎液微粒及去微粒水煎液。采用大鼠肠循环灌注模型,分别用空白Kreb-Ringers（K-R）液、黄连水煎液、微粒重悬液和去微粒水煎液对大鼠空肠段进行循环灌注。2 h后取下肠段,以透射电子显微镜观察细胞紧密连接结构的变化,采用免疫组织化学法检测空肠黏膜中ZO-1的表达水平。结果 空白K-R液组与去微粒水煎液组小肠上皮细胞间连接紧密无明显间隙,ZO-1蛋白呈蜂窝或点状聚集于上皮细胞周围;黄连水煎液组与微粒重悬液组小肠上皮细胞间隙增大,且ZO-1表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 黄连汤剂中活性成分肠吸收与黄连水煎液微粒体系调节小肠紧密连接结构和ZO-1表达水平有关。     

平喘宁调节ERK信号通路干预哮喘气道重塑的机制

目的 通过观察平喘宁干预后哮喘模型大鼠ERK信号转导通路相关蛋白以及基质金属蛋白酶-9（matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9）、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1（tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, TIMP-1）的表达,探讨平喘宁调节寒性哮喘大鼠气道重塑的机制。方法 采用SPF级雄性SD大鼠复制寒性哮喘模型。将大鼠随机分成正常对照组,模型组,地塞米松组,桂龙咳喘宁组以及平喘宁高、中、低剂量组。连续给药4周后,光镜下观察肺组织病理形态学变化,采用免疫组织化学法检测肺组织中TIMP-1、MMP-9表达水平;采用Western blot法检测大鼠肺组织血小板源性生长因子（platelet derived growth factor, PDGF）、细胞外信号调节激酶-1（extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1,ERK1）、磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶-1（phosphorylated ERK1, p-ERK1）的表达水平。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组有明显炎性细胞浸润、气管上皮脱落增多、气管平滑肌增厚等气道重塑现象;与模型组比较,各治疗组炎性细胞浸润减少,气管上皮脱落减少,平滑肌增厚情况改善,气道重塑均得到适当缓解。与正常对照组比较,模型组MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）;而与模型组比较,平喘宁各剂量组MMP-9、TIMP-1表达水平均显著下降（P<0.05）,尤其是平喘宁高剂量组下降最为明显。与正常对照组比较,模型组PDGF以及ERK1、p-ERK1蛋白的表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）;而与模型组比较,药物治疗组PDGF以及ERK1、p-ERK1蛋白的表达水平均显著下降（P<0.05）。结论 平喘宁可通过调节ERK信号通路减轻哮喘大鼠气道炎性反应,延缓气道重塑。     

加味半夏白术天麻汤对椎基底动脉供血不足眩晕大鼠血管活性物质的影响

目的 观察加味半夏白术天麻汤对椎基底动脉供血不足（vertebrobasilar insufficiency,VBI）眩晕大鼠血管活性物质的影响。方法 将SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组（用盐酸氟桂利嗪1.53 mg/kg灌胃治疗）、实验组（用加味半夏白术天麻汤141.7 mg/kg灌胃治疗）,每组10只;将切除的一侧横突间骨翼置入骨膜下椎动脉内侧,以复制VBI眩晕模型;连续给药14 d,采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定各组大鼠血浆内皮素-1(endothelin-1, ET-1)、血栓素B2(thromboxane B2, TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, 6-Keto-PGF1α)、环磷酸腺苷（cyclin adenosine monophosphate, cAMP）的含量。结果 与正常组比较,模型组大鼠血浆ET-1、TXB2、6-Keto-PGF1α、cAMP含量以及TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值均显著升高（P<0.01）;与模型组比较,阳性对照组和实验组上述指标均显著降低（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 加味半夏白术天麻汤对VBI眩晕的治疗作用与降低血浆ET-1和cAMP含量,恢复TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值有关。