DRD3基因对精神分裂症研究的法医学意义

阐明精神分裂症的病因和发病机制是医学面临的重要挑战之一,同时也是法医司法鉴定的重要内容之一.精神分裂症的多巴胺假说认为多巴胺能系统的失调是精神分裂症的病因,DRD3基因在脑中的区域性高表达以及其与众多精神疾病的阳性关联提示其在精神分裂症中的潜在重要性.本文综述了DRD3基因在精神分裂症的群体遗传学、动物模型和在人源细胞...     

基于STAT-3/NF-κB/ICAM-1通路探讨丹皮酚缓解小鼠结肠炎相关性结直肠癌的作用机制

目的 从STAT-3/NF-κB/ICAM-1信号通路探讨丹皮酚缓解小鼠结肠"炎—癌转化"的机制.方法 构建结肠"炎—癌转化"小鼠模型,ELISA法检测小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素1β(interl...     

当归补血汤调节自噬干预心肌梗死模型大鼠心肌损伤的作用机制

目的 观察当归补血汤对心肌梗死模型大鼠心肌损伤的影响并探究其作用机制。方法 将大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,当归补血汤低、高剂量组和地尔硫■组。连续给药7 d后结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支复制心肌梗死模型。缺血24 h后,采用TTC染色检测心肌梗死面积,苏木精-伊红染色检测心肌的组织形态,微板法检测乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)水平,ELISA法检测肌酸激酶心肌型同工酶(creatine kinase-myocardial band, CK-MB)水平,Western blot法检测磷酸化磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, p-PI3K),磷酸化蛋白激酶B(phosphorylate protein kinase B,p-AKT),磷酸化雷帕霉素靶蛋白(phosphorylate mammalian target of rapamycin, p-mTOR)及自噬相关蛋白LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、Beclin-1及p62蛋白的表达水平。结果 当归补血汤能明显减少心肌梗死面积(P<0.05)...     

二参真武汤调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路抑制心肌纤维化的体外实验研究

目的 探究二参真武汤抑制心肌细胞纤维化的作用机制。方法 采用灌胃给予SPF大鼠二参真武汤、贝那普利7 d的方法制备含药血清,从出生3 d内的乳鼠心脏中提取原代心肌成纤维细胞,采用免疫荧光和台盼蓝染色法鉴定细胞纯度与成活率,采用CCK-8法确定二参真武汤含药血清的最佳给药浓度与给药时间,采用血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)刺激原代心肌成纤维细胞复制心肌纤维化模型,将原代心肌成纤维细胞分为正常组、模型组、二参真武汤组、贝那普利组,采用ELISA法检测胶原蛋白(collagenase, Col)-Ⅰ和Col-Ⅲ含量,采用Western blot法检测平滑肌肌动蛋白(alpha-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA)、Col-Ⅰ、Col-Ⅲ、PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、mTOR、p-mTOR蛋白表达水平,qRT-PCR法检测α-SMA、Col-Ⅰ、Col-Ⅲ、PI3K、AKT、mTOR mRNA表达水平。结果 提取的原代心肌成纤维细胞纯度与成活率均达到95%以上。与正常组比较,模型组、Col-Ⅰ、Col-Ⅲ含量显著升高(P<0.05),α...     

Histological examination of carotid artery tissue in cases of ligature strangulation and hanging

Violence against the neck can result in a range of macromorphological and micromorphological findings. However, the forensic relevance of the carotid sinus in cases of violence against the neck remains controversial. In this follow-up study of 22 cases of suicidal and accidental strangulations, carotid bifurcations were examined histologically for morphological changes implying direct trauma, including haemorrhage and immunohistochemical expression of heat-shock proteins 27, 60, and 70 and aquaporin-3. These cases were compared with a control group (82 cases) without neck compression or head trauma and with variable causes of death. No relevant histopathological findings implying direct trauma of the carotid bifurcation were found. No cases showed positive aquaporin-3 staining and only five cases showed positive heat-shock protein-27 staining, all of which were hangings. Without massive trauma of the carotid bifurcation, histological alterations cannot be expected. Without signs of rapid death, findings of acute circulatory failure, macromorphological and micromorphological findings of neck compression, and reliable markers indicating relevant impact on the carotid bifurcation the diagnosis of a lethal reflex cannot be verified.

Key points

• Among 22 cases of strangulation causing death, there were 16 cases of hanging and 6 cases of ligature strangulation
• Few cases showed small haemorrhages located predominantly in the surrounding fat and connective tissues; however, the haemorrhages did not have any effects on the tissues
• Neck compression had minimal effects on heat shock protein 27 expression in carotid artery tissue
• Aquaporin-3 staining suggested it is not a useful marker for relevant neck pressure, or that there had not been any relevant neck impact
• Our findings suggested no direct evidence for reflex cardiac death resulting from a brief force against the neck

     

骆驼β-防御素caBD-1 cDNA基因全序列RACE扩增方法的建立

为获得骆驼β-防御素基因(caBD-1 cDNA)的全长序列,采用锚定PCR RACE技术,根据已获得的骆驼β-防御素基因的部分已知序列,设计了1条特异性引物作为上游引物,将反转录引物中的部分序列即3′接合器引物作为下游引物,成功地克隆了caBD-1 cDNA的3′末端序列;采用反向嵌套PCR RACE技术,根据已获得的骆驼β-防御素cDNA的部分序列,设计了1条5′末端磷酸化的特异性反转录引物和2对特异性反向嵌套PCR引物,首先进行反转录(RT),然后将mRNA反转录的cDNA进行环化,最后进行反向嵌套巢式PCR,成功地克隆了骆驼β-防御素caBD-1cDNA的5′末端序列。结果显示,获得了骆驼β-防御素caBD-1 cDNA基因的全序列。证实,RACE技术用于防御素基因的扩增是可行的。     

ABO基因分型及其在法医学中的应用

为建立一种ABO血型系统基因分型方法，采用PCR-RFLP技术，成功地将ABO系统区分为AA，AO，AB，OO，BB，BO六种基因型。对240名中国汉族无关个体血样的ABO（基因型频率调查结果表明，6种基因型的频率分布为0．0125～0．3834，符合Hardy－Weinbeng遗传平衡法则（P＞0．1），其DP值为0．8161。家系分析表明，亲代a、b、o基因传递遵守孟德尔遗传规律。对法医学中常见的血痕、混合斑、骨组织及毛发根部等生物样品进行检测，均能准确判定ABO基因型，并可在实际案件鉴定中应用。     

Voting rules in insolvency law: a simple-game theoretic approach

A chief characteristic of modern insolvency law in Canada, Germany, the UK, and the US is the provision for ‘workouts’ or ‘schemes of arrangement’ by which insolvent companies can attempt to rehabilitate the business. If reorganization is chosen, the debtor has to devise a plan of action which will be voted upon by claimants. The voting rules, however, differ in each jurisdiction to a greater or lesser extent and as yet have not been analyzed in any rigorous manner. This paper provides an approach based upon the theory of simple games to analyze the rules in terms of the ease which each of these regimes can pass (or hinder) plans and how these rules distribute value among claimants. We pay particular attention to the role of classification and the effect of coalition formation.     

阿片依赖患者血清FT3、FT4、TSH浓度变化

观察34例阿片依赖患者血清FT3、FT4及TSH浓度变化，结果显示，FT3、FT4及TSH浓度均明显低于正常对照组（P＜0．01）。说明阿片类毒品对丘脑－垂体－甲状腺轴具有抑制和损伤作用。长期使用阿片类毒品，甲状腺激素水平明显下降，从而产生一系列相应的生理变化和临床表现。