Venue Preference and Earthquake Mitigation Policy: Expanding the Micro‐Model of Policy Choice

Seismologists have reported that a majority of recent earthquakes in Oklahoma have been triggered by the activities of oil and gas companies. Despite this fact, there is evidence of strong opposition toward earthquake mitigation policy. In this article, we argue that how individuals define issues affect their policy choice. Furthermore, we incorporate the concept of venue shopping from the literature on macro theories of the policy process to investigate the effect of problem definition in shaping individual venue preference for policy choice. Using unique survey data, we find that problem definition, particularly issue causality and issue image, is strongly related to individual support for earthquake mitigation policy. However, a more nuanced relationship between individual problem definition and venue preference is observed. Our findings contribute to scholarly endeavors to understand the politics of problem definition at an individual level, which may be the precursor of understanding policy choices at the institutional level.     

Patterns of Local Policy Disruption: Regulatory Responses to Uber in Ten North American Cities

Since its inception in 2009, Uber has grown into a technology behemoth, with operations in over 70 countries and 500 cities around the world. Along the way, it has successfully forced regulatory upheaval in hundreds of local taxi markets controlled by municipal authorities. In this sense, Uber is not only a market disruptor, but also a policy disruptor. This paper examines the nature of such policy disruption at the local level by reviewing regulatory responses to Uber in ten North American cities. We find that regulatory outcomes are a function of two factors: Uber’s government relations strategy, either cooperative or confrontational, and the degree to which local governments perceive Uber as complementary or harmful to the existing marketplace. We conclude by proposing a typology of regulatory responses to Uber as a basis to identify patterns in the behavior of municipal regulatory authorities and political leaders.     

Governing Unconventional Oil and Gas Extraction: The Case of Pennsylvania

Over the past decade, directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing enabled an unconventional oil and gas extraction (UOGE) boom in many regions of the United States, including parts of Pennsylvania. This revolution has created serious concerns about the capability of existing institutions to govern important societal outcomes associated with UOGE. We present a conceptual framework for assessing key societal outcomes influenced by UOGE governance. In applying this framework to Pennsylvania, we discern certain institutional strengths that have allowed the Commonwealth to reap appreciable short‐term economic growth from rich resource endowments. We also find, however, that several institutional weaknesses have allowed costs externalized to the environment, public health, and community integrity to offset some proportion of those economic benefits. Likewise, we find that governance of UOGE in Pennsylvania has contributed to a bifurcated sociopolitical landscape wherein adversarial coalitions dispute the legitimacy of the industry and its governance.     

东亚合作的现状与未来

１０＋３合作是东亚合作的主渠道，在世界各地区合作中独树一帜。经过几年来的发展，这种合作已取得显著进展，且打下了坚实基础。１０＋３合作势头良好，但未来发展仍面临一些问题。中国是１０＋３的重要一员，１０＋３的发展对中国具有十分重要的意义。     

口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白VP2-3-1的纯化复性与活性检测

收集含有口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白VP2 3 1基因的大肠埃希氏菌菌液 ,将其超声破壁 ,用菌体裂解液裂解 ,提取包涵体 ,并用 8mol/L尿素溶解 ,收集上清液 ,用亲和层析法纯化融合蛋白VP2 3 1 ,透析法复性 ,并用间接ELISA检测FMDV阳性血清和阴性血清。结果 ,P/N值大于 2 .1 ,说明纯化复性后的目的蛋白有一定的生物活性     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白B细胞识别基序的筛选

根据猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)E2蛋白的序列设计并人工合成18条重叠多肽,与载体蛋白BSA偶联后,利用抗CSFV E2蛋白单克隆抗体SWmAb8筛选该蛋白上的B细胞表位;同时用12肽噬菌体随机肽库淘选E2单抗识别多肽序列。结果显示,多肽序列VSPTTLRTEV能被单抗SWmAb8识别;含SPTxLR基序的噬菌体能被单抗SWmAb8结合,且能被病毒抗原竞争性抑制。证实SPTxLR基序很可能是E2蛋白的线性表位之一,可诱导机体产生中和抗体。     

牛分支杆菌MPT83基因的表达及重组蛋白的纯化

从牛分支杆菌培养物中抽提总DNA,扩增了MPT83基因,并克隆入pMD 18-T Simple Vector,将测序正确的目的基因插入表达载体pET-32a( )中,转化BL21(DE3)宿主菌,IPTG诱导表达,用亲和层析方法对表达蛋白进行了纯化。经测序,构建的克隆质粒pMD-MPT83与Gen- Bank中的序列一致;构建的表达质粒pET-MPT83经PCR和BamHⅠ HindⅢ双酶切鉴定构建正确;经SDS-PAGE分析,在约42 ku处出现新的蛋白条带,4 h后表达量即达到高峰;Western- blotting分析表明,融合蛋白能够被牛分支杆菌阳性血清所识别;纯化的表达蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳,出现清晰的单一条带。表明MPT83基因原核表达载体构建成功。     

口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白的二级结构及其B细胞抗原表位的预测

以口蹄疫病毒OLZ0 2株基因组序列为材料 ,采用Garnier Robson法、Chou Fasman法和Karplus Schulz法预测了其结构蛋白的二级结构 ,用Kyte Doolittle法分析了各结构蛋白的亲水性 ,Emini法预测了各结构蛋白的表面可能性 ,Jameson Wolf法预测了各蛋白的抗原指数 ,综合评价了口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白的B细胞抗原表位。结果表明 ,VP1蛋白含有的B细胞优势抗原表位最多 ,是研制口蹄疫基因工程疫苗的首选免疫原 ,但其他结构蛋白也含有少量的B细胞抗原表位 ,有的甚至有可能成为优势抗原表位     

根据C_3转化率和尸体肛温推断死亡时间

本文观察了不同温度条件下,人血中C_3转化率的变化情况。在14个尸解案例中,根据C_3转化率和尸体肛温推断死亡时间,其95％可信区间为±11小时。测定C_3转化率的同时,还可以观察C_3的表型,为无名尸体的个人识别提供依据。