历史视角下劳动关系的环境因素、过程控制与目标选择

工业革命产生了劳动关系问题,解决劳动关系的问题形成了劳动过程的规则化控制。长期以来,各国产业关系主要关注的是制定和完善保护劳工的规则网络,但随着劳动条件的不断改善,世界经济却变幻莫测,使得各国政府产业关系的功能不断调整以支持国际竞争,最主要的趋势就是促使劳资合作关系进一步深化。当前发达资本主义国家盛行战略工联主义,该主义强调的是超越集体利益的目标选择:工会不应把自己的活动局限于工人的具体利益问题上,也要考虑到对国家社会经济的总体责任以及产业政策与社会政治经济政策的相互作用;工会在关心工人工资、劳动条件等问题的同时,要关心经济的发展,要参与经济社会政策的制订和协商,从整体性的角度上维护工人权益。在活动方式上主要采取沟通、协商、对话的方式,既要运用传统的集体谈判方式,也要建立工人参与,特别是劳资政三方协商机制来实现自己的目标。中国今天所面临的劳动关系环境更为复杂,因此,在重视劳动合同、集体合同制度与员工参与的同时,传统的职代会制度、联席会议、劳动争议调解制度等等制度资源对于建设和谐劳动关系的作用更应该珍惜和重视。     

Intervention Without Leverage: Explaining the Prevalence of Weak Mediators

Existing research on international mediation emphasizes the importance of leverage in altering the combatants' ability to reach a negotiated settlement. Less understood is the role of third parties that do not have access to sources of leverage even though they comprise a substantial amount of mediation efforts. This paper highlights two potential explanations for the prevalence of “weak” mediators. First, a choice of third parties without leverage might be a product of the “supply side” preferences of the international community, in particular, the great powers. Second, the inclusion of third parties without any leverage can result from actors hedging their commitments to the peace process when they suspect with some uncertainty that one side will use third-party involvement insincerely for ends other than peace. Using data from the Managing Intrastate Low Level Conflicts (MILC) project, in conjunction with the PRIO/UPPSALA Armed Conflict data, empirical results using competing risk models confirm both logics. Mediators with weak leverage are more likely when an actor has strong incentives to stall: specifically, when the immediate costs of conflict are high, there is domestic political pressure in the absence of democratic accountability, and relative bargaining power is shifting. The findings also suggest that supply-side dynamics matter. Weak mediators are less likely in the presence of substantial foreign investment and in neighborhoods with strong states, but mediators of all types are more likely in democratic neighborhoods. To further explore the role of insincere motivations, the paper considers the 2002 Ceasefire Agreement (CFA) in Sri Lanka, brokered by Norway.     

英语电影应用于听力教学所产生的问题及相应的对策

英语电影应用于听力教学可以有效地提高学生的听力水平,受到越来越多的大学英语教师的青睐。本文分析了英语电影在听力教学中出现的问题,如教学目标不明,任务不详,并就这些问题给出了相应的对策。     

从政治视角理解把握十九届五中全会的精神品质与要义

党的十九届五中全会提出并讨论通过了国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二○三五年远景目标,这是富于强烈政治制度色彩以及持续性极强的国家治理方式和举措,是党的政治领导与思想指导反映于国家经济社会发展领域的重要制度安排,是中央政府宏观指导地方与地方党委政府了解把握全局的结合点和切入点,是引导社会与凝聚民心士气的有效方式和重...     

我国设立取得时效制度新论

取得时效制度是传统民法的一项重要制度,在市场经济条件下依然有其存在的合理性和必要性,其价值分析即说明了这一点。而对取得时效的构成要件和客体范围的探讨说明其在我国民法上亦有一定的适用空间。     

论政法干警试点班的培养目标与教学形式

政法干警招录培养体制改革试点工作开始以来,全国实施了专科、本科、研究生三个层次的政法干警培养体系。本文认为,只有明确政法干警试点班的培养目标,有侧重地采取不同的教学形式和教学方法,才是推动政法干警教育工作行之有效的途径。目前正在实施的政法干警试点班的共同培养目标,是以培养业务素质高和实战能力强为核心的应用型、复合型人才为培养目标;但各层次试点班的培养目标应有所区别：专科重实战能力,本科重＂应变＂能力,研究生重前沿和理论。在教学形式上可采用＂团队学习＂式教学,＂案例研讨＂式教学,＂现场研究＂式教学来实现。     

中国与APEC

文章阐述了中国与APEC组织之间的相互关系,认为中国积极参与APEC的经济合作是90年代中国经济外交的重要举措,意义重大.随着新千年的到来,中国将对APEC的发展进一步承担重任.     

对财务管理目标的思考

利润最大化、股东财富最大化和企业价值最大化是关于财务管理目标的三种最具代表性的观点。股东财富最大化和企业价值最大化目标有其积极的方面 ,但同时也存在难以克服的缺陷。而利润最大化不仅反映了市场经济环境对企业的客观要求 ,体现了所有者、债权人、管理者、政府和企业职工的共同利益 ,而且可操作性强 ,是企业财务管理目标的合理选择     

APEC20年与日本:评价及展望

APEC发达成员承诺将于2010年实现"茂物目标".作为APEC主要发达成员之一,同时也是2010年APEC领导人会议的主办方,日本在与APEC合作20年中的进展及政策走向引人注目.对日本的贸易投资自由化及便利化成就与效果进行全面分析将有助于对APEC进程及未来发展做出合理的评价与预测.     

Protection and conservation--TRIPs and CBD: a way forward

Legal context: There is a complex relationship and interplay between TRIPsand CBD, two multilateral agreements adopted to attain inherentlydistinctive objectives. Key points: The CBD/TRIPs issue has been discussed in the WTO since 1996in the Committee on Trade and Environment, and has been on theagenda of the TRIPs Council since 1999. At the WTO Doha MinisterialMeeting in 2001, a Trade Minister made reference to the issuein paragraphs 12 and 19, instructing the Council for TRIPs tolook into the relations between TRIPs and CBD. The discussionin the TRIPs Council has gone into considerable detail witha number of ideas and various proposals have been mooted todeal with the same. Practical significance: This paper attempts to discuss and analyse the areas of possibleconflict and reasons for such conflicts. It also seeks to gainan insight into the thought-process of the various stakeholders,then discusses alternative courses of action, and attempts tochart the way forward.