利用DNA和RNA进行死亡时间推断的研究进展

死亡时间是法医和刑事侦查工作者在调查犯罪行为和其他死亡事件中所需要的重要信息之一。但是目前死亡时间推断所使用的传统方法常受到经验和环境的影响，从而降低推断的准确性。由于DNA和某些RNA在细胞内的含量十分稳定，而且个体死亡后这些遗传物质随着死亡时间的延长呈有规律地降解，所以通过测定死后细胞内的DNA和RNA含量推断死亡时间成为法医学的研究热点。     

A comparison of methods used in the UK and Ireland for the extraction and detection of semen on swabs and cloth samples

The recent formation of a United Kingdom and Irish working group, the Body Fluids Forum (BFF), highlighted the need to investigate different working practices prior to any inter-laboratory comparison work and identification of best practice. Various dilutions of semen were seeded onto swabs and cloth samples for each BFF member laboratory to test using their standard techniques. The results showed that the detection of acid phosphatase on swabs is best achieved using direct testing rather than on an extract from the swab. Extraction methods for spermatozoa require a balance to be achieved between using a sufficient volume of water to ensure optimal release and minimal volume to ensure a concentrated extract. PSA tests were investigated and found to be more sensitive than Choline. DNA profiles were obtained from samples in which no spermatozoa had been detected during microscopic examination.     

试析东盟高度一体化及其对中国的影响

《东盟宪章》的顺利签署表明，东盟各国正在努力改变东盟的松散状态，试图将其建设成为更有凝聚力的地区实体。本文在考察中国的东南亚地区利益结构后认为，一个在经济上实现了内部高度整合，但在政治上仍旧保持内部多元决策机制的东盟较为符合中国的利益。即一个经济上强大但政治上较弱、经济上联系紧密但政治上相对松散的东盟对地区格局的冲击会相对较小。因此，对东盟当前的经济一体化进程，中国应持欢迎态度；但对东盟未来的政治安全一体化进程，中国应保持高度关注，并提早与东盟进行良性互动，以维护彼此的合理利益和地区稳定，防止出现某些负面效应。     

因事成制：关于中国新闻法制建设的思考

在我国，新世纪以来几件为公众周知的事件促生了一些人所称道的法规和案例。“因事成制”的思维和路径契合我国文化传统，是“因势成事”的具体表现。“因事成制”可以创新制度，也可以进行法律移植。“因事成制”有其存在的现实必要性和可能性，既体现了政治家使新闻传播权利“软着陆”的智慧，又有着深厚的法学理据，论题学法学、伯克利学派，以及哈耶克的有关理论等皆可使其得以证立。“因事”包括“借事”与“造事”，新闻法制变革借事成制已有，而造事未见。     

Alternative South–South development collaboration? The role of China in the Coega Special Economic Zone in South Africa

Aid, in the form of financial aid and investment, has become increasingly prevalent in both bilateral and multilateral partnerships in the BRICS. In Africa, the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation provides the official framings for forms of development assistance to the continent, with financial forms of aid available through the New Development Bank and the China–Africa Development Bank (CADFund). This article explores how Chinese international development assistance has influenced South Africa's economic growth and development strategies and is reshaping South Africa as “gateway” to Africa and continental leader. Special economic zones (SEZs) have become a prioritised form of BRICS development collaboration particularly in terms of Chinese trade and investment expansionism into Africa through South Africa. Chinese international development assistance and foreign direct investment in South Africa in particular are very notable and have been strengthened during the Chinese official state visit prior to the Johannesburg BRICS Summit in 2018. The article critically analyses the development policy discourse on BRICS spearheading an alternative model of South–South international cooperation by examining the Coega SEZ in South Africa, hailed as the most SEZ in Africa. The article critically examines the development alternative potential of the Coega SEZ.     

Performance of the supervised learning algorithms in sex estimation of the proximal femur: A comparative study in contemporary Egyptian and Turkish samples

Sex estimation standards are population specific however, we argue that machine learning techniques (ML) may enhance the biological sex determination on trans-population application. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) versus nine ML including quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), support vector machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Gaussian process (GPC), Naïve Bayesian (NBC), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RFM) and Adaptive boosting (Adaboost) were compared. The experiments involve two contemporary populations: Turkish (n = 300) and Egyptian populations (n = 100) for training and validation, respectively. Base models were calibrated using isotonic and sigmoid calibration schemes. Results were analyzed at posterior probabilities (pp) thresholds >0.95 and >0.80. At pp = 0.5, ML algorithms yielded comparable accuracies in the training (90% to 97%) and test sets (81% to 88%) which are not modified after employing the calibration techniques. At pp >0.95, the raw RFM, LDA, QDA, and SVM models have shown the best performance however, calibration techniques improved the performance of various classifier especially NBC and Adaboost. By contrast, the performance of GPC, KNN, QDA models worsened by calibration. RFM has shown the best performance among all models at both thresholds whereas LDA benefited the best from using both calibration methods at pp >0.80. Complex ML models are not necessarily achieving better performance metrics. LDA and QDA remain the fastest and simplest classifiers. We demonstrated the capability of enhancing sex estimation using ML on an independent population sample however, differences in the underlying probability distribution generated by models were detected which warranted more cautious application by forensic practitioners.     

用独特的方法建设管用有效的师资队伍——以中国井冈山干部学院为例

中国井冈山干部学院紧密结合学院的办学要求和功能定位,按照学院以教学为本、教学以教师为本和教师以学员为本的理念,坚持用独特的方法建设管用有效的师资队伍,基本形成了一支政治强、业务精、作风正,结构合理、相对稳定的专兼结合的师资队伍,在干部教育培训中发挥了重要的作用,切实提高了党性、党风和党纪教育的针对性和实效性。     

地方政府财政支出竞争与区域资本配置效率——区域制造业产业资本配置效率视角

阐述了内部要素市场发育滞后下地方政府财政支出竞争与区域资本配置效率的关系;借鉴JeffreyWurgler的研究思路并采用我国30个地区28个制造业的面板数据模型计算出2001年1月至2006年8月我国不同地区制造业的资本配置效率;用回归模型验证了财政支出竞争对区域资本配置效率的影响.得出:地方政府财政支出竞争所设置的要素流动壁垒、分割市场和重复建设的行为,创造资本性收入、干预地方国有商业银行的信贷行为,引资竞争、对外资税收减免和基础设施竞赛行为导致区域产业资本配置低效.减少地方政府财政支出竞争对区域资本配置负向影响的关键是:确定科学合理的政府目标函数维度,并保持目标函数维度之间的协调和均衡;加快内部要素市场开放,建立生产要素的合理定价机制,矫正扭曲的生产要素价格;治理"预算外"收支,限制政府行政管理费支出过快增长.     

柬埔寨问题与新加坡地区外交的转机

柬埔寨问题是东盟做为外交共同体出现于国际社会的关键，展示了东盟及其成员国为地区事务所做的共同努力，新加坡表现尤其活跃，在协调东盟内部分歧、促进柬埔寨抗越力量的联合、促使问题国际化等方面发挥了积极作用。柬埔寨问题的出现为新加坡提供了参与地区事务的契机，改变了其地区形象，增强了其对地区合作的信心。柬埔寨问题是新加坡地区外交的重要转机。     

社会变迁中的“暴动操作—暴动解除”刍议——读《新秩序下的混乱:从印尼暴动看华人的政治社会关系》有感

本文利用台湾杨聪荣博士的著作<新秩序下的混乱:从印尼暴动看华人的政治社会关系>, 分析有关暴动发生的过程,发现其中存在着统治精英和社会上的抗争力量从不同方面利用华人问题, 进行 "暴动操作",以之为政治斗争的一种特殊手段;并相应地寻找理论与实践模式来做 "暴动解除" 的设计,根据一定的方案来加以防患,减少其祸害的程度."暴动操作-暴动解除"可以当作一种客观存在的事物来加以调查研究;值此全球化区域协作、以人为本和人权主义的时代, 印度尼西亚华人可以利用境内外、国内外的社会网络, 对印度尼西亚国内少数极端主义分子的行动加以暴露, 挫败其"暴动操作";特别是, 可以利用中国和东盟的交流合作体系等平台, 参与印度尼西亚的社会发展、国家建设.这一切既敏感又复杂的活动,如能达到理想效果,则是以非政治化、非意识型态化、非族群体化的原则, 用公共行政、公共管理的方式进行操作的一种公共事务.