Post-disaster reconstruction: lessons from Nagapattinam district,India

As disaster losses continue to rise around the world, it has become increasingly important to understand the long-term outcomes of post-disaster recovery programmes. Often, disaster recovery projects have an abbreviated planning period, involve multiple NGOs, and lack long-term plans for evaluation. This article describes outcomes of the shelter reconstruction programme following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Nagapattinam, India. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to assess the effect of the programme on housing, community infrastructure, and livelihoods. The study provides useful lessons for future reconstruction programmes and demonstrates the importance of evaluating post-disaster recovery programmes after projects end.     

Ruralisation: a tool for rural transformation

There is a concept that development practitioners have either not heard of or not read, or have chosen to ignore – ruralisation. Unlike urbanisation in urban studies, ruralisation is rarely used as a concept in rural research. It remains a poorly explored concept. By challenging existing notions about the use of the concept, this article attempts to (re)introduce ruralisation as a fundamental concept in rural studies. What is ruralisation? Why do we need it? How can we use it for rural transformations? The article addresses these critical questions. It defines ruralisation and presents its conceptual framework for rural transformation.     

提升廉洁从政制度建设有效性的理念与实践——以苏州市为例

加强廉洁从政制度建设是当前全党的共同任务。苏州市以理念创新和实践创新富有成效地提升了廉洁从政制度建设的有效性。主要做法是：党委、政府、人大、政协、司法、群众、媒体、社会等联动发挥作用，形成完备、权成、透明、公正、可操作、可持续的制度体系；全市各级廉政机构不断加强自身能力建设，在制度的制定、执行、维护诸环节开拓创新；全社会重视反腐倡廉教育和廉政文化建设，构筑廉洁从政的文化社会基础；善于吸纳先进理论和借鉴国际经验，借用外部力量和智慧优化制度建设和执行。     

民间组织“双重管理”体制的运行效用及问题分析

通常,民间组织的"双重管理"体制被认为是阻碍民间组织发展的制度障碍;但是,在当时社会背景之下,"双重管理"或许是政策制定者最有效率的制度选择。本文从政策制定者角度出发,分析双重体制在运行中的效用及问题。笔者认为,双重体制已经不能满足当前民间组织的制度需求,并从确定改革目标、健全监管机制等方面提出改革双重体制的对策建议。     

Commentary on "the organization of work as a factor in social well-being"∗

The work cooperative as a social institution offers us a radical alternative to transnational market-based workplaces. Models such as the Mondragon coop network in Spain tell us it is possible for people to have their work-life's cake and eat it too. The coop movement is part of a movement to transform power-based work arrangements into a cooperative commonwealth in which the needs of all are met.     

A case for integrated development: pathways to improve child well-being

Economic strengthening interventions may increase income, assets, and food security. Donors and implementers see the potential for improvements in child well-being. This article presents lessons learnt from the implementation of two economic strengthening interventions. It finds missed opportunities with regard to child nutrition, and recommends: (1) integrating economic strengthening interventions with complementary development activities; (2) deep formative assessment to inform programme design; and (3) the use of community-based feedback loops. Development practitioners, funders, policymakers, and researchers must take every opportunity to improve the lives of children as young as possible to build healthy families, communities, and nations.     

倾向度匹配、救助依赖与瞄准机制——基于社会救助制度实施效应的经验分析

为更好地了解社会救助制度实施状况,笔者第一次尝试性地利用实际调查微观住户数据资料,结合倾向度匹配方法分析了目前中国社会救助体系对贫困家庭的瞄准机制、实施效果等问题。分析结果显示,中国社会救助方式在经济和社会体制转型过程中产生了显著性的改变。并且从"救助依赖"产生的视角来看,中国社会救助制度在设定的过程中能在一定程度上规避制度本身产生的"救助依赖"问题。针对这个问题我们分析了受助群体再就业家庭对社会救助制度待遇高低的反应,通过其再就业行为的变化,提出了规避受助家庭成员在再就业市场上产生的负面影响,从而更好地促进社会救助制度实施正面效应。     

美国公设辩护人制度及其对我国的启示——兼论我国公设辩护人制度的构建

美国是目前刑事法律援助运作最有效率的国家之一，其健全的刑事法律援助制度为美国刑事案件的法律援助工作开展提供了强有力的保障，特别是公设辩护人制度，作为美国刑事法律援助的重要手段，为实现经济困难的被告人的辩护权提供了切实保障。在评介美国刑事法律援助体系之公设辩护人制度的基础上，结合我国现有的刑事法律援助体系，构建我国公设辩护人制度，将其作为我国刑事法律援助手段之一，实行多元化的刑事法律援助制度，使我国的刑事法律援助事业变得真实有效，进一步完善我国司法保障体系。     

论概率归纳法的特征及其增强证据效力的作用

建立在概率论与数理统计方法基础之上的概率归纳法，在自然和社会科学领域中有广泛应用。在司法实践调查取证工作中，概率归纳法在增强间接证据的证据效力的作用上别具特色，一些典型案例的研究可以给人以举一反三的启示。     

Revisiting the Paris Declaration Agenda – an inclusive,realistic orientation for aid effectiveness

The progress in endeavours to achieve the commitments of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness has been slow. This paper explains the challenges faced by the aid effectiveness agenda and discusses why and how it needs to be revisited. In order to elucidate the differences in donors' approaches to aid effectiveness, a comparison is made between the UK and Japan, which leads to two suggestions. The main messages are that it is important to be inclusive of different donors, and to link the policy dialogue with reality on the ground.

Remanier l'ordre de jour de la Déclaration de Paris – une orientation inclusive et réaliste pour l'efficacité de l'aide

Le progrès des initiatives visant à atteindre les engagements de la Déclaration de Paris sur l'efficacité de l'aide a été lent. Ce document explique les défis auxquels se heurte l'ordre du jour de l'efficacité de l'aide et traite des raisons et des manières de le remanier. Afin de clarifier les différences d'approche de la part des bailleurs de fonds en matière d'efficacité de l'aide, une comparaison est faite entre le Royaume-Uni et le Japon qui aboutit à deux suggestions. Les principaux messages sont qu'il est important d'inclure différents bailleurs de fonds et de relier le dialogue au niveau des politiques générales avec la réalité sur le terrain.

Reexaminando a Agenda da Declaração de Paris – uma Orientação Inclusiva e Realista para a Efetividade da Ajuda

O avanço dos esforços para se chegar nos compromissos da Declaração de Paris sobre a Efetividade da Ajuda tem sido lento. Este artigo explica os desafios enfrentados pela agenda da efetividade da ajuda e discute por que e como isto precisa ser reexaminado. Para elucidar as diferenças nas abordagens dos doadores em relação é efetividade da ajuda, uma comparação é feita entre o Reino Unido e Japão, que leva a duas sugestões. As principais mensagens são que é importante ser inclusivo para atrair diferentes doadores e fazer a ligação entre o di´logo da polÚtica e a realidade na base.

Analizando de nuevo la Agenda de la Declaración de París – Una orientación incluyente y realista para la eficacia de la ayuda

Los avances en el cumplimiento de los compromisos asumidos en la Declaración de París sobre la Eficacia de la Ayuda han sido lentos. Este ensayo expone los retos que surgen de los compromisos relacionados con la eficacia de la ayuda y porqué y cómo deben replantearse. A fin de aclarar las diferencias que existen entre los donantes sobre la eficacia de la ayuda, el ensayo compara los casos de Reino Unido y Japón dando pie a dos sugerencias. Éstas tienen que ver con la importancia de incluir a distintos donantes y de vincular los diálogos sobre políticas con la realidad existente.