On the agenda: North–South research partnerships and agenda-setting processes

Co-operation between researchers in the global North and South is critical to the production of new knowledge to inform development policies. However, the agenda-setting process is a formidable obstacle in many development research partnerships. The first section of this article examines how bilateral donor strategies affect collaborative agenda-setting processes. The second section explores researchers' motivations for entering into North–South partnerships; the obstacles that Southern researchers encounter in agenda-setting processes; and the strategies that they employ to ensure that research partnerships respond to their concerns. This analysis suggests that while strong Southern research organisations are best placed to maximise the benefits of collaboration, donors and researchers alike are well advised to recognise the limitations of this approach and use it prudently, because North–South partnerships are not necessarily the best way to advance research agendas rooted in Southern priorities.     

公共服务均等化视角下科技惠农政策执行实效及提升对策

本文通过对湖南省C镇进行的实地调查发现,在公共服务均等化视角下,科技惠农政策执行取得了执行满意度较高、政策关注度较高、为农民解决了一些实际问题等成绩,但仍然存在着政策的公共服务性有待增强、政策的公共服务性宣传有待加强、政策执行人员的公共服务素质有待提高、政策执行激励监督机制有待完善等问题.对此,应采取提高科学性和熟知度、加强队伍建设、完善激励监督机制等措施提升科技惠农政策执行的实效.     

转型时期公众利益表达的类型与有效性分析

利益表达是民主政治的前提和基础.转型时期的中国存在复杂多样的公众利益表达形式和途径.本文提出影响利益表达有效性的两个主要分析变量"组织性"和"结构性",据此建立了利益表达的四种理论类型并详细考察了不同表达类型和形式的政治效用状况.总体而言,转型时期中国的公众利益表达存在制度化不够、结构性不足、被组织性明显和政治有效性较低等问题.只有不断深化体制改革,实现制度创新,才能从根本上保证公众利益表达途径的多样、真实、畅通和有效,从而为社会主义民主政治建设奠定坚实基础.     

我国经济增长效率分析

我国改革开放以来经济高速发展 ,几乎可以与战后取得经济奇迹的日本相媲美 ,但我国实现工业化的目标 ,却需日本所花时间的两倍以上 ,这里的关键问题是发展的效率低 ,而要提高经济发展效率 ,就需要加大经济结构的调整 ,加大科技教育的投入     

诉讼效益与ADR

诉讼效益是通过诉讼活动所实现的社会效果与诉讼目的之间的重合程度。目前诉讼制度及运作有其不合理性和弊病。实施ADR(替代性纠纷解决机制)可在一定程度上分流一部分诉讼,缓解司法压力,避免诉讼机能障碍和诉讼效益的降低,从而有助于诉讼制度本身效益的发挥和提高。     

刍议公安院校在民警教育培训中的作用发挥

公安机关在职民警教育培训是公安教育的重要组成部分,是全面提高民警素质和战斗力的有效手段。自第20次全国公安工作会议以来,在职民警教育培训工作已成为公安工作的重要内容之一,在公安队伍正规化建设中起着极其重要的作用,其中,公安院校更是义不容辞地成为民警教育培训工作的主力军。因此,如何加强公安院校的组织体系建设,强化师资队伍管理,改革教育培训的方式方法,凸现民警教育培训的实效性、针对性,这些已是公安院校面临的刻不容缓的紧迫任务和课题。     

行政规范性文件效力在行政法治中的动态考察

行政规范性文件的出现完全是基于行政管理实践的需要,是和行政法治活动紧密联系在一起的,是行政管理的一种重要手段,应当发挥其应有的作用。对行政规范性文件的认识不能仅从静态的文本来进行,更重要的是从行政法治实践活动的动态过程中来考察,既要在立法活动中寻找它的效力来源,以保证它具有正当的上位法的依据;也要在执法活动中慎重考察它的效力层级,以保证它在各层级发挥恰当的规制作用;同时还要在司法活动中探讨它作为行政案件审判效力依据的问题,以解决行政诉讼中的一些尴尬。     

Trustworthiness: the Commentators

Mark Thompson deplores the decline in the public trust of government and of public service institutions such as the BBC. But there has also been a decline in another form of trust: government's trust in the ability of professionals such as doctors and teachers to deliver high quality public services. And, unlike Thompson's type of trust, this decline was inevitable, because it was based on untenable assumptions concerning professional motivation. The author discusses the importance of trust in an unwritten constitution, including trust in the use made of public resources, trust that appointments are being made on merit, trust that the civil service is ‘speaking truth unto power’ behind the scenes and ultimately trust that it retains the ability to serve future governments. In a world where trust in institutions is diminishing, there are still surprising levels of trust in the world of private philanthropy. The public are only too ready to give donations without seeking to question, especially in the wake of major disasters. Yet the nature of aid agencies has changed dramatically in the past thirty years into major global enterprises with sophisticated media and marketing operations. In this case a greater degree of scepticism from those who donate and paradoxically less trust might actually result in better outcomes from aid and better use of funding. Trust is critical to the mission of the FCO. The public needs to trust the competence and sound judgment of the professional diplomats. The diplomats themselves need to be able to rely on the commonsense of their fellow colleagues. Ministers and diplomats need to trust each other. And other governments need to have confidence in the discretion of their British counterparts. This is an increasing challenge in the world of instant news. Trust can be quickly lost by indiscreet or self‐serving revelations. But the key is to be as open and transparent as possible about the processes of diplomacy. A new survey commissioned by the British Journalism Review demonstrates that public confidence in journalism has collapsed over the last five years. This is particularly true for the commercial broadcasters ITV and Channel 4, whose journalism has traditionally commanded as much public esteem as the BBC. Trust in the BBC and print journalists has also declined, and journalism suffered more than any of the other 16 occupational groups being assessed. This is partly due to the cumulative effect of various “fakery” scandals that have afflicted broadcasters over the last 18 months and partly down to a more widespread cynicism directed at those in authority.     

民间组织“双重管理”体制的运行效用及问题分析

通常,民间组织的双重管理体制被认为是阻碍民间组织发展的制度障碍;但是,在当时社会背景之下,双重管理或许是政策制定者最有效率的制度选择。本文从政策制定者角度出发,分析双重体制在运行中的效用及问题。笔者认为,双重体制已经不能满足当前民间组织的制度需求,并从确定改革目标、健全监管机制等方面提出改革双重体制的对策建议。     

论铁路公安技术工作发展的若干问题

目前铁路公安技术工作在体制、管理、装备、人才、信息、保障等方面还存在很多的不适应,需要各级领导提高认识、加大投入,大力推进铁路公安技术专业化、规范化、信息化、现代化建设。只有强化铁路公安技术工作,才能更好地实现铁路公安机关维护铁路和社会稳定的需要,才能进一步提高铁路公安机关的执法水平,提高铁路公安机关的战斗力,有力地促进铁路公安机关现代警务机制的建立。