党校教学改革及增强主体班教学实效性的思考

提高主体班教学实效性是党校教学改革的重要内容，也是党校工作贯彻科学发展观，落实《党校工作条例》的重要实践。必须增强驾驶主体班课堂教学能力，激发学员参与，完善能力结构，多渠道获取新知，从而提升教师素质，适应干部培训需要。     

Gender justice: the World Bank's new approach to the poor?

Gender inequality is now widely acknowledged as an important factor in the spread and entrenchment of poverty. This article examines the World Development Report 2000/01 as the World Bank's blueprint for addressing poverty in the twenty-first century, together with several more recent Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), with a view to analysing the manner in which gender is incorporated into the policy-making process and considering whether it constitutes a new approach to gender and poverty. It is argued that the World Bank's approach to poverty is unlikely to deliver gender justice, because there remain large discrepancies between the economic and social policies that it prescribes. More specifically, the authors contend that the Bank employs an integrationist approach which encapsulates gender issues within existing development paradigms without attempting to transform an overall development agenda whose ultimate objective is economic growth as opposed to equity. Case studies from Cambodia and Vietnam are used to illustrate these arguments.     

片面共犯根据论

片面共犯是共同犯罪的特殊形态 ;法益侵害是片面共犯的本质 ,将片面共犯视为共同犯罪是实现刑法机能的需要 ,有利于维护社会秩序 ;片面合意是共同故意的最低标准 ,将单向意思联络解释为共同故意 ,没有超出“共同犯罪”法律文义的“射程” ,从实质上贯彻了罪刑法定的要求 ;片面共犯符合诉讼效益原则。     

Best of practices?

In this brief critique of the idea of ‘best practice’, the author argues that good practice is not replicable or uniform; it cannot be reduced to its component parts for replication elsewhere. Furthermore, the criteria for what constitutes ‘best practice’ are at best unscientific and tend to discourage diversity and local experimentation.     

法律供给特点的经济学分析

法律是一种稀缺的社会资源 ,要做到对法律的有效运作 ,就必须通过市场机制对这种资源合理配置。作为制度规范的法律供给拥有供给者与需求者效用函数的基本一致性、具体法律供给者获得效用的“自利性”、“法律供给的不确定性、法律供给的天然垄断性 ,主体的非市场性、法律供给的强制性等五大特点。通过经济学对其进行分析 ,得出有效结论以供各方参考     

“反对解释”有效性的逻辑考察

一般认为,不是所有的法条都可以进行反对解释。但是,所有的表示法律效果的法条都有其反面含义,都有与其等价的逆反命题。笔者经过研究认为,如果认为反对解释就是根据文字的正面含义推测其反面含义,那么所有的假言推理式的法条都有其反对解释。但是,只有法律要件和法律效果构成必要条件和充要条件的假言命题的法条,才可以采取否定法律要件进而否定法律效果的解释方式。充分条件的假言推理式的法条只能进行否定法律效果进而否定法律要件的反对解释,在这种情况下,否定法律要件,不能必然否定法律效果。     

Words count: taking a count of the changing language of British aid

A word analysis of six UK government White Paper policy statements on aid (selected between 1960 and 2006) compares the top 20 words and key word pairs used in each document. Characteristic sentences are composed of the top 20s to represent the spirit of each paper. Results illuminate changes in the content of White Papers on aid, and point to trends in the history of the UK's approach to international development. A characteristic sentence to illustrate the 2005 Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness is contrasted with a sentence of words that did not appear in that document. Readers are invited and challenged to identify words they would like to be used and acted on more commonly in development.     

国际私法上的法律规避制度

本文主要探讨了法律规避的概念及构成要件,比较了各国关于法律规避制度的理论与实践,其中对法律规避的对象和法律规避的效力这两个各国学者争论的焦点进行了比较分析,认为法律规避的对象应包括外国法和内国法,而法律规避的效力则分三种情况,每种情况都有不同的国家立法支持。     

‘Country ownership’: a term whose time has gone

The term ‘country ownership’ refers to a property of the conditionality attached to programmes, processes, plans, or strategies involving both a ‘domestic’ party (generally a nation state) and a foreign party (generally the IMF, the World Bank, the Regional Development Banks, and other multilateral and bilateral institutions). Under what circumstances and how can the concept of country ownership be relevant to a country with a myriad heterogeneous and often conflicting views and interests? Or to a country whose government's representational legitimacy or democratic credentials are in question? The author argues that the term has been abused to such an extent that it is at best unhelpful and at worst pernicious: a term whose time has gone.     

Increasing Participation and Compliance in International Climate Change Agreements

Scientific and economic consensus points to the need for a credible and cost-effective approach to address the threat of global climate change, but the Kyoto Protocol to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change appears incapable of inducing significant participation and compliance. We assess the Protocol and alternative policy architectures, with particular attention to their respective abilities to induce participation and compliance. We find that those approaches that offer cost-effective mitigation are unlikely to induce significant participation and compliance, while those approaches that are likely to enjoy a reasonably high level of implementation by sovereign states are sorely lacking in terms of their anticipated cost effectiveness. The feasible set of policy architectures is thus limited to second-best alternatives.