政府公共服务效能提升的对策研究

在全球化的城市体系下,世界国与国之间、城市与城市之间的竞争变得异常激烈,政府公共服务效能和质量的高低将成为影响国家和城市竞争力的重要因素,因此提升政府的公共服务效能是提升城市竞争力和政府形象的有效途径。虽然我国政府公共服务效能提升已取得一定的成效,但是与发达国家和政府的公共服务效能相比还存在不小的差距,因此应通过政府公共服务均等化、加大政府公共服务投入、建立政府公共服务绩效排行制度等措施提升政府的公共服务效能,建设真正的"服务型政府"。     

Do multilingual androids dream of a better life in Australia? Effectiveness of information technology for government translation to support refugees and migrants in Australia

Without high‐quality translation of online information about government support and services, refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia experience a major barrier to improved health, employment, education and social outcomes. Recent advances in the ability of Google Translate, Skype Translator and other forms of machine translation that use artificial intelligence can help translate government information to better support refugees and migrants but they bring the risk of ineffective communication, and exclusion from services that could positively impact on settlement experiences and daily life. Evidence suggests that government agencies are likely to be using human translators for most translation work, but the degree to which any form of information technology is used, how it may be best applied and the associated effects are not known. This study systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed and grey literature to determine effective ways of using information technology for translating government information to refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia. Included studies were analysed to identify techniques and other characteristics of translation, information technology and language support more broadly, and outcomes on education, health, social and other refugee and migrant experiences relating to translated information. Our review found a small evidence base featuring studies with strong evaluation demonstrating effective forms of ‘language support’ for refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia in a broad sense. However, there is a major gap in knowledge that is contributing to barriers in the use of online government information in Australia. In particular, there is an absence of evidence demonstrating what is effective in the use of machine translation with artificial intelligence, websites and other kinds of information technology for translating government information with refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. The oversight risks further excluding already marginalised groups from services and support. This paper makes a number of suggestions practitioners can take to address the issue and guidelines for future research.     

Cost‐Effectiveness of Early Childhood Interventions to Enhance Preschool: Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Head Start Centers Enrolling Historically Underserved Populations

We evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of two early childhood interventions that use instructional coaching and parent coaching as levers for improvement. The study design allows us to compare the individual effects of each intervention as well as their combined effect on student outcomes. We find that teachers receiving instructional coaching improve their use of evidence‐based instructional practices, while families receiving parent coaching show increases in numerous responsive parenting behaviors associated with positive child outcomes. Both interventions demonstrate positive impacts on students, but only parent coaching shows statistically significant effects across a range of student outcomes. Instructional coaching alone is substantially less costly and may therefore be the most cost‐effective of the three treatment conditions; however, small sample sizes limit our ability to reach definitive conclusions. Policy simulations suggest that implementing these interventions could raise the overall cost‐effectiveness of Head Start by at least 16 percent.     

大练基本功 提高战斗力－在全省禁毒民警任职资格培训班上的讲话（节选）

全省禁毒民警任职资格培训在我省乃至全国来说都尚属首次。为什么公安部和省公安厅会下这么大的决心、花这么大的精力来抓此事呢 ?一是“科教兴国”战略实施的时代要求 ;二是当前境内外严峻的毒情形势所迫 ;三是建立一支高素质禁毒队伍所需。为了深入、持久而稳步地推进禁毒民警培训工作 ,把全省禁毒民警的综合素质提高到一个新的水平。一是树立全新观念 ;二是增强机遇意识 ;三是提高实践能力。     

制度有效性测度解析——基于制度经济学的视角

如何确定制度的有效性是制度经济学必须回答的问题。文章提出制度有效性的判定原则应包括制度的效率、制度的正义性和制度的增益性三个方面,并根据经济学的分析原理建构了一个界定制度有效性的测度模型。通过对制度有效性的研究,使我们对于制度内涵的把握和理解更加深刻。     

CNKI中关于“干部教育培训组织管理有效性”的研究

提高干部教育培训组织管理的有效性,是干部教育培训改革的重要着力点。近年来,理论界和各级各类干部培训机构围绕这一问题进行了卓有成效的探讨,取得了许多可贵的成果。本文以CNKI中搜索到的相关成果为研究对象,运用文献计量学的方法,从文献来源数据库、发表年度和出版来源、作者单位及研究成果资助与主题观点的角度进行分析,通过分析综述目前研究的主要方面,发现研究中存在的问题,为深入研究此问题提供参考。     

离婚救济制度之实证研究

在北京、厦门、哈尔滨三地部分法院的调查显示 ,离婚救济制度目前在司法实践中未能得到有效适用。特别是离婚经济补偿制度和离婚损害赔偿制度适用者寥寥无几。而离婚经济帮助制度也存在着适用条件苛刻 ,受助者范围小 ,住房帮助的规定难以落到实处 ,金钱帮助数额偏低 ,经济帮助实际不到位的问题。针对调查中所显示的制度缺位与不周延问题 ,需要从制度层面进行反思 ,考虑制度性重构。     

增强高校“形势与政策”课教育教学实效性探析

形势与政策课是高等院校思想政治理论课的重要组成部分。当前高校形势与政策课教育教学中存在着高校重视不够、师资队伍不稳定、教学形式单一等主要问题。与其它课程相比，形势与政策课有其鲜明特点，其内容时效性强、教学领域宽、教育政策性突出、教法灵活多样。针对此课程教育教学中存在的主要问题和此课程独有特点，高等院校应做到明确教学目的、丰富教学内容、改进教学手段，切实增强形势与政策课教育教学实效性。     

论诱惑侦查的法律规制

为了追诉“隐蔽性无被害人犯罪”,诱惑侦查已为许多国家认可,我国司法实践中对此也有运用。由于诱惑侦查具有无法克服的局限性,极易侵犯公民权利。因此,我国立法应在有限度地允许使用的同时,对适用范围加以严格限定,对适用过程严格控制。     

对《刑法》第三百四十七条第七款含义之探讨

我国刑法第三百四十七条第7款规定:"对多次走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品,未经处理的,毒品数量累计计算。"这一看似非常简单的条文,实则包含很多值得我们思考的问题。笔者主要以立法及刑法理论为论据,从行为人之刑事责任能力、追诉时效、未经处理、罪名适用等角度对该罪名进行多层次的分析,并在此基础上,着力从公安实践的角度对该条文进行了理性的思考。