A TEST OF LIFE‐COURSE EXPLANATIONS FOR STABILITY AND CHANGE IN ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR FROM ADOLESCENCE TO YOUNG ADULTHOOD*

Using longitudinal data from a sample of 236 young adults and their romantic partners, we tested a life‐course model that integrates social control and peer influence arguments with the idea of assortative mating. For both males and females, adolescent delinquency and affiliation with deviant peers predicted having an antisocial romantic partner as a young adult. Involvement with an antisocial romantic partner, in turn, had both a direct effect on crime as well as indirect influence through adult peer affiliations. For females, quality of the romantic relationship also predicted crime. The analyses revealed several moderating influences in addition to these mediating effects. For females, a conventional romantic partner, strong job attachment, and conventional adult friends all served to moderate the chances that a woman with a delinquent history would graduate to adult crime. In contrast, only conventional adult friends served this function for males.     

试论比较优势战略和赶超战略

比较优势战略和赶超战略 ,作为发展中国家发展经济的两种战略 ,各有其利弊。比较优势理论反映了发达国家的利益。实行赶超战略要求国家政府在经济发展中起主导作用。绝对的否定或绝对的肯定比较优势战略和赶超战略 ,将两者相互对立的观点是片面的 ,在实践中是有害的 ,正确的办法是把两者辩证的结合起来 ,共同促进经济的发展。一国究竟采取哪种战略更有利于本国的经济发展 ,则取决于当时的历史条件和环境 ,也要看具体政策能否根据具体情况的变化而灵活调整。中国是个发展中的大国 ,经济实力还不强 ,应根据中国的国情和国力 ,把两种战略结合起来 ,发展经济 ,增强国际竞争力 ,提高国际经济地位。     

A family with unusual Kell genotypes

A family in which kKp^a, kKp^b, KKp^b and K^o are segregating confirms the depressing effect of Kp^a on the products of other Kell genes in cis. The significance of such unusual Kell genotypes in forensic testing is discussed.     

Early epidermal changes in heat- and electrically injured pig skin. II. An electron microscopic study

In order to find methods applicable for disclosing electrical torture, pig skin was exposed to heat and electricity under controlled circumstances. Biopsies for electron microscopy were obtained immediately after exposure. In heat lesions the nuclei were slightly distorted, sometimes with broken nuclear membranes. The tonofilaments were clumped, intracellular oedema was present and cell membranes were ruptured between desmosomes. In electrical lesions the nuclei were usually enlarged with strongly condensed chromatin. Some nuclei were composed of fine, evenly dispersed granular material. The cytoplasm appeared homogeneous, in large magnification finely granular. Cell borders could sometimes be identified located in situ. In the stratum corneum, which appeared normal in heat lesions, single or several cells or large areas had an electron-dense appearance. The difference in ultrastructure of heat and electrical lesions makes it probable that electricity has a specific action on epidermal cells.     

Direct fluorometric determination of cyanide in human materials

A detailed procedure of a new simple fluorometric assay for cyanide in human blood, stomach contents and urine is presented. This method requires neither diffusion nor distillation of cyanide from samples; small amounts of the samples were directly added to incubation mixtures, which were then heated at 80 °C for 45 min and acidified for fluorescence measurements. Our method is much more rapid than the previous ones. Some data are presented on specificity and sensitivity of the present method.     

Sudden death in mitral valve prolapse: Associated accessory atrioventricular pathways

Sudden death in patients with mitral valve prolapse is a rare complication with a possible arrhythmic mechanism. We made a detailed postmortem examination of the conduction system in three patients with MVP who died suddenly. One patient who died in cardiac failure had a normal conduction system. The two other patients with no cardiac symptoms prior to death had both accessory atrioventricular pathways.These findings suggest a higher incidence than hitherto known of accessory bypass tracts in patients with MVP who die suddenly, and support the presumption of an arrhythmic cause of death.     

Assurance of the quality of expert reports

The operation of forensic chemical laboratories is investigated from the point of view of reliability, approaching the question from both practical and theoretical aspects. Questions of methodology such as the validation and continuous quality control and quality assurance of the expert's activity, the fulfilment of the legal requirements concerned with the operation of an expert organization are all discussed and backed up by a wide selection of reference.     

究五千年法制轨迹,集一百年学术大成——评张晋藩先生主编的《中国法制通史》(多卷本)

一部十卷本的煌煌巨著 ,不久前又获得了中国新闻出版的最高奖———中国图书奖 ,张晋藩先生主编的《中国法制通史》究五千年法制轨迹 ,集一百年学术大战。想用几千字来加以评论是困难的 ,但是 ,我还是想把我读这套书的体会贡献给同仁。     

Cerebral massive hemorrhage in congophilic angiopathy and its medicolegal significance

The principles of a special type of senile cerebromeningeal angiopathy, these days usually named “congophilic angiopathy”, are demonstrated on the basis of eight cases, complicated by spontaneous massive intracranial hemorrhages in seven and late traumatic hemorrhage in one of them. The occurrence of massive hemorrhages associated with congophilic angiopathy has until now only rarely been reported. The medicolegal significance of this vascular disease is emphasized by the eighth, traumatic, case, which became forensically relevant; the late massive hemorrhage had to be regarded as significantly favoured by amyloid angionecrosis, which is the main feature of congophilic angiopathy.     

Morphometrische Untersuchungen bei stenosierender Koronarsklerose und ihre Bedeutung für die Bewertung konkurrierender Todesursachen

Coronary sclerosis is generally supposed to be the most important factor for coronary thrombosis, myocardial infarction and coronary heart death. Stenosing coronary sclerosis may be postmortally documented by angiography and morphometry. It is possible to obtain sufficient morphological data to suggest acute cardiac insufficiency, if the maximum grade of stenoses as a functional parameter and the heart weight are regarded in addition to the quantitative results of the three main branches of the coronary arteries (lumen and intima areas).Generally the cardiac results of autopsy are used individually and subjectively for the explanation of the cause of death. The conclusiveness of these results of autopsy depends on the circumstances of death and the existence of further pathological findings. Competing causes of death may exist in the form of illnesses, injuries, alcoholic and drug effects, physical strain and emotional stress or medical provisions. The quantitative valuation of the cardiac findings with a critical limit for an acute coronary death permits a more exact interpretation of such competing causes of death. This method of examination may also reveal an unpresumed competing cause of death, for example an intoxication. This was demonstrated by four autopsy cases.