When school meets the Other: intercultural policies in the Basque inclusive school

ABSTRACT

Gatti, Irazuzta and Martinez address the intercultural public policies implemented in the education system of the Autonomous Region of the Basque Country (Spain). Focusing on the education system allows them to reconstruct the historicity of identity-alterity production in a region in which language has been central for the establishment of ethnic frontiers. More specifically, they examine the implementation of these policies in three pre-school and primary educational institutions in a multicultural neighbourhood of the city of Bilbao. They look at Euskara—the Basque language—as a key element of the us-them distinction. The various education models regarding language and the teaching in/of Euskara or Spanish pave the way for the specialization and spatialization of the schools analysed. ‘Integration’ policies are implemented in ethnically marked schools only, based on a rhetoric of interculturality that assumes that any ‘racial or ethnic discrimination’ can be overcome through knowledge of the Other. Moreover, the assessment of public policies through ‘interculturality figures and best practice’ developed to address the so-called ‘immigration issue’ promotes a protectionist intervention on behalf of the assumed social vulnerabilities of immigrant schoolchildren and their families, which are read as ‘problematic characteristics’. The article argues that, as a result of the approach based on the social conditions of immigrant children and their families in the Basque Country, the race issue evaporates.     

What Makes Terrorism Salient? Terrorist Strategies,Political Competition,and Public Opinion

This article analyzes the determinants of terrorism saliency in public opinion. It is usually assumed that after a terrorist attack, terrorism becomes automatically salient. However, this assumption is only true in those countries where terrorist attacks are exceptional events. In democracies that have suffered domestic terrorism for decades, the evolution of terrorism saliency does not only depend on the frequency or intensity of terrorist attacks. In this article it is claimed that the tactics carried out by terrorist groups (the type of victim, especially) and the dynamics of political competition (especially the ideology of the incumbent) are also factors that explain the evolution of terrorism saliency. The article also analyzes how these two factors interact with citizens’ predispositions to explain variation in their reactions to terrorist threat. The empirical test relies on a novel database from monthly public opinion surveys in Spain from 1993 to 2012.     

Labelling and Legitimization: Justifying Political Violence in the Basque Country

This article focuses on the role of labelling in the discourse employed by the Left-Wing Nationalist movement in the Basque Country to legitimize the use of violence for political ends. The approach in this article goes beyond classic labelling theory. I demonstrate that radical Nationalists do not passively undergo their being labelled as deviants (fanatics, terrorists) by society, but develop counter-labels instead to define their opponents and re-label themselves.     

No more bullets for ETA: the loss of internal support as a key factor in the end of the Basque group’s campaign

The Basque separatist organisation ETA laid down its arms in 2011 after 40 years of an armed campaign for independence. It was not a consequence of political negotiations. The Basque group did not achieve its goals. Yet, it unilaterally decided to end its armed activity forever. This article analyses why and how ETA ended its armed campaign. It clarifies the events from the collapse of the last peace process in June 2007 to the announcement of the definitive end of ETA’s campaign in October 2011. It identifies the causal factors that led the Basque group towards its end. This article contends that the end of ETA’s campaign is a case of transformation triggered by its constituency’s withdrawal of support for the armed struggle. The leadership and social base of the political movement to which ETA belongs concluded that political violence was not effective anymore and, furthermore, was damaging for the Basque pro-independence movement. After an internal struggle, in which the faction advocating for exclusively political means prevailed, ETA was driven towards a unilateral abandonment of armed struggle.     

以全争于天下——试析孙子的强国思想

从政治思想层面去解读《孙子兵法》,它无疑是一部深刻说明如何"强国"的纲领性著作,其核心是"全争"的战略思想,"争"的直接目的是取"胜"。孙子强调"知胜"、"能为胜败之政"、"奇胜"、"胜可为"、"胜可全"。孙子"全争"的思想具有强大的生命力。     

"研讨式"教学方式初探——以我院"一国两制与台湾问题"教学为例

"研讨式"教学是一种以解决问题为中心的现代教学方式.相对于传统的"讲授式","研讨式"更多的注重了师生的互动,能更好的调动学员的思考和学习的积极性.以在贵州省社会主义学院开展的一次"一国两制与台湾问题"研讨课为例,探讨"研讨式"这种新型教学方式的授课心得.     

神秘的夜郎国(金篇)——从史说到戏说到争说

夜郎国是贵州历史上上承牂牁下启黔中的重要政权。商燕南飞、庄蹻西进、唐蒙出使夜郎,是认识夜郎国的重要环节。夜郎稻作文化、酒文化、竹文化、丹砂文化、桃源文化等博大精深,夜郎文化研究刚刚起步。夜郎文化是中华民族历史文化的有机组成部分,理应引起重视。     

农村群体性事件的政治成因分析

农村群体性事件是当前一定社会、经济、文化等各种社会矛盾的综合反映,其干扰了农村社会生产、生活秩序,成为影响农村稳定的重要因素。本文从农村群体性事件的内因和外因两方面入手对农村群体性事件的政治成因提出一些理性思考。     

全球化和民族主义关系的考察

全球化浪潮对民族国家构成了强大的挑战,民族主义勃兴和全球化形成一种互动关系.冷战后民族主义呈现新态势.     

社会主义实践世纪的回眸

列宁的“一国胜利论”开创了社会主义的现实制度,由此也产生了社会主义建设发展历程的“苏联模式”和“中国特色”社会主义的不同建设实践形态。二者虽然表现形式不同,但都是特定历史条件下的产物。社会主义的本质是实践的,实践的观点是社会主义首要的基本的观点。因此,社会主义必须随着社会实践的发展而发展,随着客观现实条件的改变而“更新”存在的形式,才能永葆生命之树常青。