中央三代领导核心对唯物史观的继承与发展

唯物史观是研究社会发展一般规律的科学。在唯物史观的指引下,中国共产党三代领导核心带领中国人民取得了革命和建设的巨大胜利,但在当时的具体情况下,三代领导核心对唯物史观的理解和运用是有差别的,并因此使中国社会的发展史深深打上了领导者个人意志的烙印。     

论基层公安机关控制力的实现——以改革开放30年普陀公安工作的发展变化为研究视角

公安机关作为社会组织体系的重要组成部分,在实现社会控制中发挥着重要功能。当前在实现基层公安机关控制力上存在的诸多矛盾,在新的历史时期,基层公安机关必须以科学发展观为指导,探索提高基层公安机关控制力的方向和途径,即科学创新、情报信息、警察权威、公共关系和内部管理等,以进一步提高对社会政治、治安秩序的控制能力。     

中央苏区红军反“围剿”胜利的非凡韬略

中央苏区红军第一、二、三、四次反“围剿”战争的胜利,是中国工农红军战争史上的奇观,是毛泽东、朱德、周恩来等红军统帅的杰作。前三次是毛、朱指挥的,第四次是周、朱指挥的。纵观这四次反“围剿”战争的全过程,研究其胜利的深层原因及基本经验,人们可以清晰地感悟到个中的真谛：红军反“围剿”胜利的秘诀,就在于红军统帅们驾驭战争的非凡韬略和英明决策。     

清末改革司法职权配置考察

清末改革中按照立宪政体和三权分立模式建立起相对独立的司法权体系,但法部的司法行政权过大,处处与大理院争权,对审判权的独立行使构成阻碍。大理院内审判权与检察权初步实现了职权独立和相互制约,但对外都受到法部的制约,难以发挥各自应有的作用。清末缺少足够的新式法律人才、配套法律和财政支撑,社会也没有相应的思想准备,尤其是清政府力图强化中央集权和政策统一的指导思想都影响了新建立的司法权体系的独立运行。     

RETHINKING AFRICAN SEXUALITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV AND AIDS: THE LIFE AND DEATH DISCOURSE OF ‘MODERNISED POLYGAMY’ IN SUE NYATHI'S THE POLYGAMIST

ABSTRACT

This article is a study of Sue Nyathi's novel The Polygamist as a cultural production dealing with African modern polygamy1 in the context of HIV and AIDS. What is termed ‘modern polygamy’ in this article is a practice where men have several ‘wives’ but not in the African traditional sense, especially within the Shona culture, but in the sense of what is popularised as a ‘small house’ phenomenon. Nyathi's novel is discussed within the following frameworks corresponding to the three distinct parts of the article. In the first part of the discussion, the dichotomy between economic/ social status and ‘modern polygamy’ is explored. The second part of the discussion is a gendered perspective of ‘modern’ polygamy and particularly highlights gender constructions in Nyathi's representation of ‘modern’ polygamy. In the last section, multiple sexual relations and HIV and AIDS are discussed. Significantly, the article demonstrates that imaginative literature is a cultural site that can help us understand human behaviour and HIV and AIDS; particularly in what in religious terms would be referred to as ‘old testament’ polygamy that poses a danger to health and the social fabric in its new form in modern Zimbabwean society.     

贵阳市中心城区扩大大学生就业渠道研究

以南明、云岩、小河三个行政区划组成的贵阳市中心城区,不仅是全市经济社会发展的核心区域,同时也是吸纳和扩大大学生就业的主导力量。但随着各类就业群体的不断增长,初次就业和再就业需求叠加,由此形成的就业总量供需矛盾、结构性矛盾交织出现,从而影响了中心城区吸纳和扩大大学生就业功能的释放。中心城区应增强就业容量、创新体制机制、完善政策体系等,从而更大程度吸纳大学生就业。     

Partner Abuse and HIV Infection: Implications for Psychosocial Adjustment in African American Women

A prospective study of the effects of partner abuse among HIV-infected and noninfected African American women (N = 137) revealed that there were both concurrent and longitudinal effects of abuse on several indices of psychosocial adjustment. Specifically, higher levels of both verbal and physical abuse were found among the HIV-infected group. In addition, the effects of abuse on suicidal ideation were significantly stronger among the HIV-infected group (n = 53) than among their demographically similar noninfected counterparts (n = 84), resulting in significant HIV status by partner abuse interactions. The findings of this study advance our understanding of intimate relationships with regard to partner abuse by examining a group of women at high-risk for abuse, yet understudied in both the HIV/AIDS and relationship literatures.     

论泛伊斯兰主义在中亚的发展及其对中国的影响

中亚位于亚欧两大洲的十字路口,战略地位十分重要。自苏联解体、中亚五国独立以来,泛伊斯兰主义在中亚的发展经历了迅猛发展、受到严重挫折和重新崛起三个阶段。泛伊斯兰主义在中亚的迅速崛起有着极为复杂的背景和深层的原因,并对中亚各国乃至地区的稳定产生了极大的影响。中国和中亚是唇齿相依的近邻,再加上历史和现实的原因,不能不受到泛伊斯兰主义的影响。因此,我们必须采取行之有效的措施,消除泛伊斯兰主义对我国国家安全的影响。     

Genetic structure among 38 populations from the United States based on 11 U.S. core Y chromosome STRs

A DNA database consisting of the 11 Y chromosome short-tandem-repeat (Y-STR) recommended by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods is constructed for 2517 individuals from 38 populations in the United States. The population samples derive from five ethnic groups currently living in 10 states. A multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot places the populations into four discrete clusters (African Americans (AA), European Americans (EA), Hispanic Americans (HA), and Asian Americans (SA)) and one dispersed cluster of Native Americans. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates that a large proportion of the total genetic variance is partitioned among ethnic groups (24.8%), whereas only a small amount (1.5%) is found among-populations within ethnic groups. Separate AMOVA analyses within each ethnic group show that only the NA sample contains statistically significant among-population variation. Pair wise population differentiation tests do uncover heterogeneity among EA and among HA populations; however, this is due to only a single sample within each group. The analyses support the creation of AA, EA, HA, and Asian American databases in which samples from different geographic regions within the United States are pooled. We recommend that separate databases be constructed for different NA groups.     

Rural Versus Urban Victims of Violence: The Interplay of Race and Region

This paper examines individuals who were victims of domestic violence in Illinois between 1990 and 1995, comparing the traits and service needs of those who received assistance in an urban county over the 5-year period with those who were served by domestic violence programs in rural areas. Analysis focuses on the demographic characteristics of clients in each region, their relationship to the abuser, type of abuse, referral source, and need for both concrete and supportive services. In addition to looking at variations by region, analysis examines differences between African American and White clients within and across geographic areas so that the interaction of race and location is highlighted. Results indicate that apart from demographic differences related to race, there is little difference in the circumstances of abuse when victims in the urban region are compared to rural victims of violence. However, those in rural environments regardless of race, have more service needs. Differences in service needs also exist in relation to race, and for some services, both race and location are important. The implications of these findings for policy, practice, and future research are examined.